The effect of conjugated linoleic acid, a natural trans fat from milk and meat, on human blood pressure: results from a randomized crossover feeding study

Abstract

Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a natural trans fatty acid that is largely restricted to ruminant fats and consumed in foods and supplements. Its role in blood pressure (BP) regulation is still unclear. We examined the effect of cis-9, trans-11 CLA on BP compared with oleic acid. A total of 61 healthy volunteers were sequentially fed each of 3 diets for 3 weeks, in random order, for a total of 9 weeks. The diets were identical except for 7% of energy (18.9 g in a diet of 10 MJ day -1 ) that was provided either by oleic acid, by industrial trans fatty acids or by cis-9, trans-11 CLA. We measured BP on two separate days at the end of each intervention period. At baseline, mean BP was 113.8 ± 14.4 mm Hg systolic and 66.3 ± 9.6 mm Hg diastolic. The effect of the CLA diet compared with the oleic acid diet was 0.11 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: À1.27, 1.49) systolic and À0.45 mm Hg (À1.63, 0.73) diastolic. After the industrial trans fatty acid diet, the effect was 1.13 mm Hg (À0.25, 2.51) systolic and À0.44 mm Hg (À1.62, 0.73) diastolic compared with the oleic acid diet. Our study suggests that short-term high intakes of cis-9,trans-11 CLA do not affect BP in healthy volunteers.

Conjugated linoleic acid: A potent fatty acid linked to animal and human health

“…In case of blood pressure, some researchers reported that CLA had no effect on the blood pressure of healthy young men (Raff et al, 2006), in young overweight women (Diaz et al, Downloaded by [RMIT University] at 04:10 13 August 2015 2008) or healthy volunteers (Engberink et al, 2012). However, Pfeuffer et al (2011) noted a reduction in blood pressure in obese male subjects relative to the baseline value.…”

Current issues surrounding the definition of trans-fatty acids: implications for health, industry and food labels

“…Of these, four publications were generated from an intervention trial conducted in a group of healthy Dutch adults, each focusing on a different risk factor for CVD. Collectively, the results demonstrated that supplemental CLA ( cis -9, trans -11: trans -10, cis -12-CLA, 80:20), relative to sunflower oil high in oleic acid, had no effect on blood pressure ( 35 ) , insulin sensitivity ( 36 ) , plasma proteome ( 36 ) , inflammatory markers or oxidative stress ( 37 ) at a dose of 20·2 g/d for 3 weeks. Negative effects on lipoprotein profiles were observed in the same study, which include increased total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and total:HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio compared with sunflower oil ( 36 , 38 ) .…”

A review on effects of conjugated linoleic fatty acid (CLA) upon body composition and energetic metabolism

“… The consumption of skimmed milk enriched with 3 g of a 1:1 mixture of 9- cis , 11- trans and 10- trans , 12- cis for 24 weeks led to a decrease in body weight and total fat mass in healthy, overweight subjects who maintained habitual diets and exercise patterns. No adverse effects were observed ENGBERIN et al 2012 [ 65 ] Sixty-one healthy volunteers Double-blind, placebo controlled study The diets were identical except for 7 % of energy (18.9 g in a diet of 10 MJ/day) that was provided either by oleic acid, by industrial trans fatty acids or by 9- cis , 11- trans CLA. The effect of the CLA diet compared with the oleic acid diet was 0.11 mm Hg (95 % confidence interval: −1.27, 1.49) systolic and −0.45 mm Hg (−1.63, 0.73) diastolic.…”