The effect of cold acclimation on the low molecular weight carbohydrate composition of safflower

Abstract

Understanding cold acclimation and identifying the low molecular weight carbohydrates that support the development of freezing tolerant safflower seedlings will aid in breeding winter-hardy cultivars for temperate cropping systems. Three field selected lines of winter safflower (WSRC01: PI 651878; WSRC02: PI 651879; WSRC03: PI 651880) were cold acclimated for four weeks at 4 °C and compared to seedlings grown for two weeks at 20 °C. The commercial spring-type cultivar, Olé, served as a non-hardy check. Leaf, stem, and root fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose concentrations all increased to variable extents across the PI accessions after cold acclimation. In comparison with Olé, winter safflower accessions tended to be more responsive to cold acclimation by increasing metabolite concentration. Verbascose was only recovered within leaf tissue and PI 651880 was the only entry to show a substantial alteration in verbascose concentration due to cold acclimation. Based on these data, no specific low molecular carbohydrate was responsive or responsible for the accumulation of freezing tolerance, but a concert of metabolites and their responsiveness may help explain the observed differences in development, freezing tolerance, and ultimately winterhardiness among safflower germplasm.

Changes in low molecular weight carbohydrates in kale during development and acclimation to cold temperatures determined by chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry

“…The content of fructose and glucose for Black Tuscany kale seemed not to be affected by cold acclimation while the content for Frostara and Wild Cabbage was increased in response to cold temperature exposure. The pattern observed was in line with the data reported in studies of cold stress for Arabidopsis thaliana and sunflower seedlings (Klotke, Kopka, Gatzke, & Heyer, 2004;Landry, Fuchs, Bradley, & Johnson, 2017). In the case of fructose, the increment might be attributed to its role of signaling molecule (Cho & Yoo, 2011) while glucose acts as a potent signaling molecule that regulates gene expression and controls organism growth and development (Sami, Siddiqui, & Hayat, 2019).…”

Safflower Biodiesel: Improvement of its Oxidative Stability by Using BHA and TBHQ

“…Regarding safflower, which is a crop with many applications (for oil and natural dye production, among others), and widely used in many countries (most of them with dry climates) such as India, Ethiopia, the United States, Mexico, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Romania, etc. [23][24][25][26], it could be a suitable biodiesel as it adheres to the abovementioned conditions and advantages. Moreover, the seed yield is around 800-900 kg ha −1 , which is an interesting production [27].…”

“…Moreover, the seed yield is around 800-900 kg ha −1 , which is an interesting production [27]. In Spain, it is becoming important, as it is usually a rotation crop, being an alternative to sunflower and other majority crops, due to the long primary root, which allows the surface soil to regain nutrients and use this plant under dry conditions [25,28,29]. Thus, the production of safflower in Spain was between 2 and 6 thousands of tons per year between 2011 and 2015 [30].…”

Cold Tolerance during the Reproductive Phase in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Is Associated with Superior Cold Acclimation Ability Involving Antioxidants and Cryoprotective Solutes in Anthers and Ovules

“…Cold acclimation can enhance endogenous proline ( Chrysanthemum sp.) [ 69 ], carbohydrates (safflower, Carthamus tincotorius ) [ 70 ], and GABA (barley and wheat; [ 71 ] levels in plants. Cryoprotective solutes, such as amino acids (proline, GABA) and carbohydrates (sucrose, trehalose), play diverse roles in plant cells [ 72 ].…”