The effect of coffee and whitening systems on surface roughness and gloss of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass cermaics

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the effects of a coffee beverage and two whitening systems on the surface roughness and gloss of glazed Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics (LDGC) for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. Methods: Sixty-eight LDGC disks (12 × 10 × 2 mm) were prepared from blocks of CAD/CAM systems (IPS e.max CAD ceramic). Baseline measurements for surface roughness (Ra) and gloss (GU) were taken using a 3-D optical profilometer and a glossmeter, respectively; then specimens were randomized into four groups ( n = 17). All specimens were immersed in a coffee solution (24 h × 12 days) then subjected to two whitening systems. G1-negative control (kept moist × 7 days); G2-positive control (brushed with distilled water, 200 g/load, 2 min twice daily × 7 days); G3-whitening toothpaste (Colgate optic white; relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) = 100, 200 g/load, 2 min twice daily × 7 days); and G4-simulated at-home bleaching protocol (Opalescence,15% carbamide peroxide (CP), 6 h/day × 7 days). The study outcomes were measured at baseline and after the treatments. Data were analyzed using paired T-test and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: The mean surface roughness significantly increased ( p ⩽ 0.002) for all groups after the designated treatment protocols. Among groups, the mean surface roughness of G2 and G3 were significantly higher ( p ⩽ 0.001) (Ra: 0.51 and 0.57 μm, respectively) compared to the control group (Ra: 0.23 μm), and were not significantly different from G4 (Ra: 0.46 μm). Surface gloss decreased with no significant change within or among groups after treatment. Conclusion: All glazed LDGC had a significant increase in surface roughness after being subjected to simulated 1 year of coffee drinking and whitening systems (15% CP and whitening toothpaste), and the greatest change was associated with brushing (simulating 8 months). However, coffee beverages and whitening systems had no significant effect on the surface gloss.

Effect of Multichannel Convolutional Neural Network-Based Model on the Repair and Aesthetic Effect of Eye Plastic Surgery Patients

“…The lacrimal sulcus was evaluated by the degree of lacrimal sulcus filling [ 16 ], and the score was 0 ~ 10. Skin glossiness was detected by gloss meter glossiness meter [ 17 ], and the mean value was taken twice. The lower the Fitzpatrick wrinkle grading score, the higher the lacrimal filling degree and skin gloss, the better the treatment effect.…”

Effect of Thermocycling on Color, Surface Characteristics, Compressive Fracture, and Fracture Modes of Prosthetic CAD/CAM Ceramics After Smokeless Tobacco Immersion

“…The microscope has a Vision 64 (Bruker) software package that controls the tool locations, statistical evaluation, and graphical output. Measurements of Ra and Rz were conducted twice across the samples at 2 time intervals, at baseline, and after coffee immersions and 3 months of aging [ 20 , 23 , 33 , 34 ]. Each sample was scanned 3 times with 0.08 mm length.…”

“…Throughout the immersion cycles, the specimens were continuously stirred in the ST mix in an incubator at 37°C (Globolytics Single Phase Bacteriological Incubator, Globolytics Instruments Pvt Ltd., Valasaravakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India). At the end of each day, the specimens were rinsed under running distilled water and gently dried to remove any ST residue [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Color Stability of three esthetic monolithic block materials after immersion in commonly consumed beverages

“…Recently, the esthetic appearance of restorative materials constitutes a major/high demand by the patients, thus dictating innovation of solutions that fulfill several requirements such as proper mechanical properties, accuracy, reduced manufacturing time and limited clinical visits besides esthetics. 1,2 Computer-aided design/computeraided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) monolithic block materials opened up a new horizon in dental treatment to meet the expectations of the clinicians and patients allowing time-efficient fabrication of precise tooth-colored highly reliable restorations. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Generally, CAD/CAM materials used to produce monolithic restorations can be categorized as ceramic/glass ceramic, indirect resin-based composite, and hybrid ceramic.…”

“…1,2 Computer-aided design/computeraided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) monolithic block materials opened up a new horizon in dental treatment to meet the expectations of the clinicians and patients allowing time-efficient fabrication of precise tooth-colored highly reliable restorations. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Generally, CAD/CAM materials used to produce monolithic restorations can be categorized as ceramic/glass ceramic, indirect resin-based composite, and hybrid ceramic. Ceramic/glass ceramic include zirconia, lithium disilicate ceramics, zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramics, leucite reinforced ceramics and feldspathic ceramics.…”