The effect of cocaine and amphetamines on vital signs in trauma patients

Richards, Christopher F.; Clark, Richard F.; Holbrook, Troy L.; Hoyt, David B.

doi:10.1016/0736-4679(94)00123-5

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1D), in agreement with previous reports (Gentry et al, 2006; Mendelson et al, 2006; Richards et al, 1995). Elevated RR can lead to hypocapnia, manifested as a reduced arterial partial pressure of CO 2 (PaCO 2 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Methamphetamine causes sustained depression in cerebral blood flow

et al. 2011

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The use prevalence of the highly addictive psychostimulant methamphetamine (MA) has been steadily increasing over the past decade. MA abuse has been associated with both transient and permanent alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF), hemorrhage, cerebrovascular accidents and death. To understand MA-induced changes in CBF, we exposed C56BL/6 mice to an acute bolus of MA (5 mg/kg MA, delivered IP). This elicited a biphasic CBF response, characterized by an initial transient increase (~5 min) followed by a prolonged decrease (~30 min) of approximately 25% relative to baseline CBF -as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry over the somatosensory cortex. To assess if this was due to catecholamine derived vasoconstriction, phentolamine, an α-adrenergic antagonist was administered prior to MA treatment. This reduced the initial increase in CBF but failed to prevent the subsequent, sustained decrease in CBF. Consistent with prior reports, MA caused a transient increase in mean arterial blood pressure, body temperature and respiratory rate. Elevated respiratory rate resulted in hypocapnia. When respiratory rate was Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Methamphetamine causes sustained depression in cerebral blood flow

et al. 2011

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“…Notably, there was no significant difference in Glasgow Coma Scale score Յ8 requiring emergent intubation, suggesting that cocaine test-positive trauma patients were not significantly altered in comparison with test-negative patients. Richards et al 16 found no clinically significant differences in vital signs of patients when controlling for confounding factors between patients with positive screens in comparison with patients with negative screens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cocaine Use in Trauma: Effect on Injuries and Outcomes

Hadjizacharia

Green

Plurad

et al. 2009

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &Amp; Critical Care

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“…Higher doses increase central nervous system stimulation, manifested as increased alertness and compulsive or repetitive behavior. Methamphetamine users have increased sympathomimetic effects such as dizziness, tremor, hyperreflexia (rapid reflexes), pyrexia (fever), mydriasis (dilated pupils), diaphoresis (sweating), tachypnea (rapid breathing), tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), and hypertension (high blood pressure) [4]. The drug has a prolonged half-life (10–12 hours) and long duration of action.…”

Section: Pharmacology Of Methamphetaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Current research on the epidemiology, medical and psychiatric effects, and treatment of methamphetamine use

Rawson¹

2013

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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Methamphetamine (MA) is a drug that is widely used in many parts of the world. It has multiple neurobiological impacts on the nervous system, some of which are transitory and some more long lasting. MA activates the reward system of the brain and produces effects that are highly reinforcing, which can lead to abuse and dependence. Routes of administration that produce rapid onset of the drug’s effects (i.e., smoking and injection) are likely to lead to more rapid addiction and more medical and psychiatric effects. The medical effects of MA use are extensive, and chronic use of MA can produce significant neurological damage as well as damage to cardiovascular, pulmonary, and other organ systems. Both acute and chronic MA use can lead to extreme paranoia, anxiety, and depression, and following discontinuation of MA use, cognitive deficits and anhedonia can persist for months. No effective pharmacotherapies have been developed for the treatment of MA dependence, although this is an area of very active research. Several behavioral treatments have been shown to reduce MA use, but better treatments are needed. The research agenda for MA is substantial, with development of effective pharmacotherapies as one of the most important priorities.

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The effect of cocaine and amphetamines on vital signs in trauma patients

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Methamphetamine causes sustained depression in cerebral blood flow

Methamphetamine causes sustained depression in cerebral blood flow

Cocaine Use in Trauma: Effect on Injuries and Outcomes

Current research on the epidemiology, medical and psychiatric effects, and treatment of methamphetamine use

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