The effect of clitoral surgery on sexual outcome in individuals who have intersex conditions with ambiguous genitalia: a cross-sectional study

Minto, Catherine L; Liao, Lih‐Mei; Woodhouse, Christopher; Ransley, P. G.; Creighton, Sarah M.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12980-7

Cited by 262 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This person reassigned herself to the male gender at age 30. The initial gender assignment of the second one was female, but was changed to male at 3 weeks (Minto, Liao, Woodhouse, Ransley, & Creighton, 2003). Masculinization was incomplete and, "although still legally a male" (p. 1255), the patient underwent feminizing genital surgery at age 30 and since then "lives as a woman" (p. 1255).…”

Section: Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Dysphoria and Gender Change in Androgen Insensitivity or Micropenis

Mazur

2005

Arch Sex Behav

216

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Section: Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Dysphoria and Gender Change in Androgen Insensitivity or Micropenis

Mazur

2005

Arch Sex Behav

216

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“…Surgery may damage the nerve supply and is associated with impaired sensitivity when objectively assessed, 44 and with impaired sexual function. 45 Sensitivity and long-term sexual function constitute an important focus for future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labial surgery for well women: a review of the literature

Michala

Creighton

2009

BJOG

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This review investigates the quality and content of published reports relating to labial surgery for well women. Electronic databases were searched for relevant articles between 1950 and April 2009. Forty articles were identified, 18 of which included patient data. The specification of the study design was unavailable in 15 of the 18 papers; the remaining three were retrospective reports. No prospective, randomised or controlled studies were found. All reports claimed high levels of patient satisfaction and contained anecdotes pertaining to success. Medically nonessential surgery to the labia minora is being promoted as an effective treatment for women's complaints, but no data on clinical effectiveness exist.

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“…Surgery is available for clitoromegaly but sexual function may be compromised in favour of a better cosmetic appearance. 11,12 Gonadectomy is therefore recommended prior to puberty for those individuals who have been raised and wish to remain female. Vaginal surgery or dilator therapy may be required for some women with vaginal hypoplasia, which can occur in some intersex conditions such as CAIS, in order to have comfortable penetrative intercourse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XY females: revisiting the diagnosis

Minto

Crouch

Conway

et al. 2005

BJOG

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Objectives To investigate the accuracy of assigned diagnosis in XY female intersex conditions.Design Cross sectional hospital case notes review.Setting Tertiary hospital multidisciplinary intersex clinic.Sample Forty-six adult intersex women with a complete or mosaic XY karyotype.Methods All clinical features and investigation results were reviewed and a diagnosis was assigned. This was compared to the original diagnosis assigned. Main outcome measures Data collected included presentation, all investigations, subsequent clinical course and all treatments (medical and surgical). These data were employed to assign an up-to-date intersex diagnosis, which was compared with the recorded diagnosis in the hospital case notes. Diagnoses were then rated according to level of accuracy. Results The 47.8% patients had an accurate diagnosis, 32.6% of diagnoses were inaccurate and currently under review, 13% had a wrong diagnosis and 6.5% remain with an unknown aetiology for their XY intersex condition. Conclusions Diagnostic accuracy is assumed to be high when evaluating published work on these conditions; however, this study shows 52.1% of patients have unknown, inaccurate or wrong diagnoses. Assigning the wrong diagnosis may be harmful, for example, if it leads to irreversible virilising changes or development of a gonadal malignancy, and for all cases excludes accurate condition management and genetic counselling for both the patient and their immediate family.

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The effect of clitoral surgery on sexual outcome in individuals who have intersex conditions with ambiguous genitalia: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 262 publications

References 19 publications

Gender Dysphoria and Gender Change in Androgen Insensitivity or Micropenis

Gender Dysphoria and Gender Change in Androgen Insensitivity or Micropenis

Labial surgery for well women: a review of the literature

XY females: revisiting the diagnosis

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