The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study

Lockhart, F. A. L.; Liu, Anthony; Champion, Bernard; Peek, Michael; Nanan, Ralph; Poulton, Alison

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00314

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…In our analysis, we found that maternal smoking increased the risk for IUGR only for female offspring (OR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.14-3.28), suggesting a manifestation of gender differences on the effects of cigarette smoking. In fact, Lockhart et al observed a significant increase of serotonin in smoking mothers carrying male fetuses compared with smoking mothers carrying female fetuses (35). However, factors associated with the intrauterine environment, which lead to these differences, require further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of FTO and PPARγ variants on intrauterine growth restriction in a Brazilian birth cohort

Barbieri

Fontes

Saraiva

et al. 2021

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is related to a higher risk of neonatal mortality, minor cognitive deficit, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. In previous studies, genetic variants in the FTO (fat mass and obesityassociated) and PPARg (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) genes have been associated with metabolic disease, body mass index, and obesity among other outcomes. We studied the association of selected FTO (rs1421085, rs55682395, rs17817449, rs8043757, rs9926289, and rs9939609) and PPARg (rs10865710, rs17036263, rs35206526, rs1801282, rs28763894, rs41516544, rs62243567, rs3856806, and rs1805151) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with IUGR, through a case-control study in a cohort of live births that occurred from June 1978 to May 1979 in a Brazilian city. We selected 280 IUGR cases and 256 controls for analysis. Logistic regression was used to jointly analyze the SNPs as well as factors such as maternal smoking, age, and schooling. We found that the PPARg rs41516544 increased the risk of IUGR for male offspring (OR 27.83,) as well as for female offspring (OR=8.94, 95%CI: 1.96-40.88). The FTO rs9939609 TA genotype resulted in a reduced susceptibility to IUGR for male offspring only (OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.26-0.86). In conclusion, we demonstrated that PPARg SNP had a positive effect and FTO SNP had a negative effect on IUGR occurrence, and these effects were gender-specific.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of FTO and PPARγ variants on intrauterine growth restriction in a Brazilian birth cohort

Barbieri

Fontes

Saraiva

et al. 2021

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…The present study showed that fetal exposure to tobacco smoke in utero may lead to changes in the secretion of adiponectin isoforms and insulin-dependent growth factors, which may consequently lead to a reduction in the birth weight of the child. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a well-known cause of low birth weight in infants and has been associated with an increased risk of adiposity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes in children and adults [ 14 , 18 ]. There are several mechanisms that may explain the pathophysiological relations between smoking and adiponectin downregulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first report on the increased risk of fetal hypotrophy in smoking women was published in 1957, and to this day, studies are being carried out with the aim of explaining the changes in the mother as well as the child provoked by tobacco smoke [ 9 ]. Newborns of smoking mothers weigh an average of 88–450 g less at birth than newborns of non-smoking mothers, and the underweight grows proportionally to the number of cigarettes smoked [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. According to Grjibovski et al [ 17 ] and Lockhart et al [ 14 ], birth weight decreased 27–41 g per cigarette smoked per day during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newborns of smoking mothers weigh an average of 88–450 g less at birth than newborns of non-smoking mothers, and the underweight grows proportionally to the number of cigarettes smoked [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. According to Grjibovski et al [ 17 ] and Lockhart et al [ 14 ], birth weight decreased 27–41 g per cigarette smoked per day during pregnancy. A Brazilian cross-sectional study indicated that birth weight in infants whose mothers smoked 6 to 10 cigarettes per day was 320 g lower and 435 g in infants whose mother smoked 11–40 cigarettes per day compared with infants born to non-smoking mothers [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Maternal and Fetal Levels of Total Adiponectin, High Molecular Weight Adiponectin, Selected Somatomedins, and Birth Weight of Infants of Smoking and Non-Smoking Mothers

Chełchowska¹,

Gajewska²,

Maciejewski³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The aim of the study was to determine the relationships between maternal smoking, total adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW adiponectin), selected somatomedins, and the birth weight of newborns. A total of 78 women with a healthy, singleton pregnancy, 41 active smokers and 37 non-smokers, and their offspring were studied. Total and HMW adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and 2 (IGFBP-2) were determined in maternal and cord blood by enzyme-link immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of total and HMW adiponectin were lower in smokers compared to the tobacco abstinent in both the mothers (p = 0.013; p = 0.006) and the infants (p = 0.001; p = 0.047). In smoking women and their children, serum concentrations of IGF-I were significantly lower (p = 0.014; p = 0.042), IGFBP-1 significantly higher (p = 0.009; p = 0.039), and IGFBP-2 did not differ from that observed in the non-smoking group. In multivariate analysis performed on the whole group of mothers, the highest impact of serum cotinine and IGFBP-2 levels were indicated for adiponectin and cotinine and the number of cigarettes/day for HMW adiponectin concentration. In correlation analysis estimated separately for smokers and non-smokers, neonatal birth weight was positively associated with total and HMW adiponectin concentrations in umbilical cord blood. Birth weight was also inversely associated with IGFBP-1 and positively correlated with IGF-I levels in maternal serum as well as in cord blood (r = −0.317, p = 0.005; r = −0.294, p = 0.004; r = 0.245, p = 0.031; r = 0.271, p = 0.009, respectively). The present study showed the levels of total and HMW adiponectin in umbilical cord blood may have a significant effect on fetal development. Both IGF-I and IGFBP-1 concentrations also play an essential role in fetal growth, which is an important predictor of birth weight. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy negatively affected adiponectin and the insulin growth factor profile in the serum of women and the cord blood and may be the reason for the lower birth weight of the smokers newborns compared with the nonsmokers offspring.

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“…8 Lockhart F et al, observed that low mean birth weight was associated with maternal cigarette smoking. 9 Zheng W et al, demonstrated that maternal age has a modifying effect on the association between maternal smoking and birth weight. 10 Suzuki K et al, concluded from their study that the child growth was affected in proportion to the degree of maternal smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nicotine exposure during pregnancy on birth weight among beedi rolling women

Astagimath

Agrawal

2019

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Exposure to nicotine can lead to increased morbidity and mortality among fetus and mothers. The objective was to study the effect of nicotine exposure on the birth weight of the babies.Methods: During the study period of one year, it was possible to recruit the total 144 subjects. 36 were women who were exposed to nicotine as they were bidi rollers. The exposure was confirmed by history. 36 women delivered during the study period and these newborns were included in the present study. Control group were 36 pregnant women who were not exposed to nicotine. They were asked about the exposure history, like anyone in their family is smoking inside the house any time and their occupation. Among these all (36) delivered during the study period and their newborns were included in the present study.Results: Both the groups were comparable in terms of age, hemoglobin, body mass index, gestational age. The mean birth weight of babies in the control group (whose mothers were not exposed) was 3.01kg with a standard deviation of 0.56 compared to mean birth weight of babies in the study group (whose mothers were not exposed) of 2.73kg with a standard deviation of 0.40. This difference in the mean birth weight of babies in the study group and the control group was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean serum cotinine value in study group mothers and babies was very high compared to zero value in mothers and babies of control group and statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Maternal nicotine exposure through beedi rolling is associated with reduced birth weight.

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The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of FTO and PPARγ variants on intrauterine growth restriction in a Brazilian birth cohort

Effects of FTO and PPARγ variants on intrauterine growth restriction in a Brazilian birth cohort

Associations between Maternal and Fetal Levels of Total Adiponectin, High Molecular Weight Adiponectin, Selected Somatomedins, and Birth Weight of Infants of Smoking and Non-Smoking Mothers

Effect of nicotine exposure during pregnancy on birth weight among beedi rolling women

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