“…The untreated TNTZ showed a relatively smooth surface and the grinding grooves could be observed in the higher magnification image. On the other hand, the MAO-treated specimens showed a typical structure of MAO-treated valve metals [14,27] reported in previous studies. The morphology of the porous oxide layer with a number of small holes less than 10 µm in diameter was similar to MAO-treated TNTZ without Ag addition in the electrolyte, reported in our previous study [13].…”
In this study, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was performed on a β-type titanium alloy, namely, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy (TNTZ), to improve not only its antibacterial property but also bioactivity in body fluids. The surface oxide layer formed on TNTZ by MAO treatment in a mixture of calcium glycerophosphate, calcium acetate, and silver nitrate was characterized using surface analyses. The resulting porous oxide layer was mainly composed of titanium oxide, and it also contained calcium, phosphorus, and a small amount of silver, all of which were incorporated from the electrolyte during the treatment. The MAO-treated TNTZ showed a strong inhibition effect on anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria when the electrolyte contained more than 0.5 mM silver ions. The formation of calcium phosphate on the surface of the specimens after immersion in Hanks' solution was evaluated to determine the bioactivity of TNTZ with sufficient antibacterial property. As a result, thick calcium phosphate layers formed on the TNTZ specimen that underwent MAO treatment, whereas no precipitate was observed on TNTZ without treatment. Thus, the MAO treatment of titanium-based alloys is confirmed to be effective in realizing both antibacterial and bioactive properties.
“…The untreated TNTZ showed a relatively smooth surface and the grinding grooves could be observed in the higher magnification image. On the other hand, the MAO-treated specimens showed a typical structure of MAO-treated valve metals [14,27] reported in previous studies. The morphology of the porous oxide layer with a number of small holes less than 10 µm in diameter was similar to MAO-treated TNTZ without Ag addition in the electrolyte, reported in our previous study [13].…”
In this study, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was performed on a β-type titanium alloy, namely, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy (TNTZ), to improve not only its antibacterial property but also bioactivity in body fluids. The surface oxide layer formed on TNTZ by MAO treatment in a mixture of calcium glycerophosphate, calcium acetate, and silver nitrate was characterized using surface analyses. The resulting porous oxide layer was mainly composed of titanium oxide, and it also contained calcium, phosphorus, and a small amount of silver, all of which were incorporated from the electrolyte during the treatment. The MAO-treated TNTZ showed a strong inhibition effect on anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria when the electrolyte contained more than 0.5 mM silver ions. The formation of calcium phosphate on the surface of the specimens after immersion in Hanks' solution was evaluated to determine the bioactivity of TNTZ with sufficient antibacterial property. As a result, thick calcium phosphate layers formed on the TNTZ specimen that underwent MAO treatment, whereas no precipitate was observed on TNTZ without treatment. Thus, the MAO treatment of titanium-based alloys is confirmed to be effective in realizing both antibacterial and bioactive properties.
“…The same authors also tried to enhance the bioactivity of the coating surface by etching the surface with acidic and alkaline solutions. They observed that while the etched surface induced the formation of HA in simulated body fluid (SBF) in one day, the untreated surface did not show any activity even after 30 days [16]. In another approach, Han et al [11] prepared ZrO 2 coatings on Zr surface and then irradiated the coated surface with ultraviolet light (UV).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…On the one hand, the lower elastic modulus of Zr (92 GPa), which is relatively close to the elastic modulus of bone , minimizes the stress shielding effect of the host bone compared to other commonly used implants including Ti and its alloys (100-110 GPa) and stainless steel (189-205 GPa) [8,9]. On the other hand, recent studies showed that in order to use Zr-based materials in biomedical applications, the cell growth capability of these materials needs to be improved [1,2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”
“…The anodized and chemically-treated surface in the NaOH solution enhances the formation of apatite, and this mechanism has been addressed in several publications and serves for the assessment of the surface bioactivity [30][31][32]. In vivo, the apatite layer does not occur on the surface, and the osteoblast cells are mainly responsible for matrix production and tissue mineralization [33,34].…”
Section: Bioactivity and Cytocompatibility Of The Coatingsmentioning
In this paper, the surface modification of titanium alloys Ti-15Mo, Ti-13Nb-13Zr, and Ti-6Al-7Nb is presented as a material for dental implants. The conditions of the plasma electrolytic oxidation process and alkali treatment were designed in this way to enhance the biological properties of the surface of promising Ti alloys. The differences in their surface morphology and, consequently, in their biological properties were discussed. The bioactivity of the samples was examined in vitro using simulated body fluid, and Saos-2 osteoblast cells. On all the samples, characteristic apatite particles were formed. However, compared to as-ground, natively-oxidized bare alloys, the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)-modified surface of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy showed the highest cytocompatibility for Saos-2 osteoblast cells, and a beneficial gain of cytocompatibility was also achieved in the treated sample of Ti-6Al-7Nb. In contrast, the modification of the Ti-15Mo alloy did not influence the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast cells.
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