The Effect of Canola Oil on Body Weight and Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

Abstract

A number of clinical trials have examined the effect of canola oil (CO) on body composition in recent years; however, the results have been inconsistent. The present investigation aims to examine the effect of CO on body weight (BW) and body composition using a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to February, 2018 for randomized controlled clinical trials that examined the effect of CO on anthropometric measures and body composition indexes in adults. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the effect of CO consumption on several outcomes: BW, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, android-to-gynoid ratio, and body lean and fat mass. In total, 25 studies were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis revealed that CO consumption reduces BW [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −0.30 kg; 95% CI: −0.52, −0.08 kg, P = 0.007; n = 23 effect sizes], particularly in participants with type 2 diabetes (WMD = −0.63 kg; 95% CI: −1.09, −0.17 kg, P = 0.007), in studies with a parallel design (WMD = −0.49 kg; 95% CI: −0.85, −0.14 kg, P = 0.006), in nonfeeding trials (WMD = −0.32 kg; 95% CI: −0.55, −0.09 kg, P = 0.006), and when compared with saturated fat (WMD = −0.40 kg; 95% CI: −0.74, −0.06 kg, P = 0.019). CO consumption did not significantly affect any other anthropometric measures or body fat markers (P > 0.05). Although CO consumption results in a modest decrease in BW, no significant effect was observed on other adiposity indexes. Further well-constructed clinical trials that target BW and body composition as their primary outcomes are needed.

Effects of sesame, canola and sesame‐canola oils on body weight and composition in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple‐blind, cross‐over clinical trial

“…However, android to gynoid ratio was increased within high-oleic canola oil with flaxseed oil period compared to high-oleic canola oil. By contrast to our findings, a recent metaanalysis, 43 revealed that CO consumption results in a slight decrease in body weight (approximately 0.3 kg); however, CO consumption did not change other body composition indices. The majority of studies included in that meta-analysis prescribed specific amounts of CO in the context of high-CO diets or CO was supplemented in the context of foods.…”

Total Dietary Fat Intake, Fat Quality, and Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews of Prospective Studies

“…Moreover, high phenolic olive oil may improve some cardiovascular risk factors stronger than refined olive oil [82, 83]. Higher consumption of canola oil results in a modest decrease in BW, whereas no significant effect was observed on other adiposity measures [84].…”

Medicinal plants and bioactive natural compounds as inhibitors ofHMG‐CoAreductase: A literature review

“…The Mediterranean diet is characterized by high consumption of olive oil, with high amount of MUFA 185,186 . This diet has a potential beneficial effect on CVDs, cancer, hyperlipidemia, and fatty liver 187 . It is suggested that several health benefits of Mediterranean diet including improvement of cardiovascular risk factors, such as lipid profile, blood pressure, postprandial hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and antithrombotic effects are due to high amounts of olive oil 188 .…”

“…185,186 This diet has a potential beneficial effect on CVDs, cancer, hyperlipidemia, and fatty liver. 187 It is suggested that several health benefits of Mediterranean diet including improvement of cardiovascular risk factors, such as lipid profile, blood pressure, postprandial hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and antithrombotic effects are due to high amounts of olive oil. 188 In some randomized clinical trials, it has been shown that olive oil has beneficial effects on blood lipids.…”