The effect of cannabinoids on intestinal motility and their antinociceptive effect in mice

Chesher, G. B.; Dahl, Colin J; Everingham, M.; Jackson, David M.; Marchant-Williams, H.; Starmer, G. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08534.x

Cited by 108 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It has been reported that cannabinoids may reduce intestinal motility in rodents (Chesher et al, 1973). There was a delay in ethanol and pentobarbitone absorption in some volunteers who received delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for 14 days in high doses, but this was not a universal effect (Benowitz & Jones, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol and gastric emptying.

Bateman¹

1983

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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The effects of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (0.5 and 1 mg i.v.) on gastric emptying of liquid were investigated in seven normal volunteers and compared with placebo. Despite significant change in pulse rate and psychological parameters consistent with cannabis activity there was no significant effect on the pattern of gastric emptying. It is therefore suggested that an anti‐emetic action of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol does not involve a change in gastric emptying.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol and gastric emptying.

Bateman¹

1983

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…A fu rther difference from morphine is that cannabinoid inhibition of intestinal motility is not antago nized by nalophine (189).…”

Section: Tolerance and Withdrawal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology of Marijuana

Patón¹

1975

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.

114

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·: ·6617This review is concerned primarily with the papers that have appeared since the end of 1972 subsequent to the material in the book by Nahas (1) and the review volumes edited by Mechoulam (2) and by Gibbins et al (3). The main new developments have been in the biochemistry of cannabis metabolites, in cellular and toxicological effects, and in a widening of human studies. CHEMICAL ASPECTSStructure-Action Relationships (4,5,6) Variations in potency among cannabinoids by a factor of over 2000 are now recorded, which allow considerable scope for structure-action studies. But estimates of relative potency remain difficult to make because of the variability among subjects (whether animals or humans). At a deeper level, little work has been done to assess how far variations in potency reflect differences in pharmacokinetics or in metabo lism (with possible formation both of active and inactive metabolites), as against differences in effect at the ultimate site(s) of action. In addition, many of the structures involved have several isomers and are usually tested as mixtures. Finally, pharmacological study has not been sufficiently detailed to exclude major differences in type of action between the various substances. This may be important, since trial of I, l-dimethylheptyl-�3-THC (DMHP) in man showed that, while it produces pronounced tachycardia and hypotension in man, it has no psychic effect (7). The same may be true of other compounds tested only in animals.Subject to these qualifications, the following provisional generalizations may be made, characterizing the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) molecule as possessing three rings, terpenoid, pyran, and aromatic and using the terpenoid nomenclature.

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“…Specifically in mouse experiments, THC significantly decreased the response latencies to heat stimuli (hot plate, tail flick; Martin and Lichtman, 1998). This was interpreted as indicating antinociceptive effects on a sensory level (Bloom and Dewey, 1978;Chesher et al, 1973), which would further agree with cannabinoid receptors being present in pain circuits from the peripheral sensory nerve endings up to the brain (Manzanares et al, 2006). Endocannabinoids are also involved in endogenous pain inhibition (Walker et al, 2001), as shown in models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Agarwal et al, 2007;Bishay et al, 2010).…”

Section: Intrinsic Connections (A Parameter)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Mapping-Based Model of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Effects on Connectivity in the Pain Matrix

Walter

Oertel

Felden

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Cannabinoids receive increasing interest as analgesic treatments. However, the clinical use of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) has progressed with justified caution, which also owes to the incomplete mechanistic understanding of its analgesic effects, in particular its interference with the processing of sensory or affective components of pain. The present placebo-controlled crossover study therefore focused on the effects of 20 mg oral THC on the connectivity between brain areas of the pain matrix following experimental stimulation of trigeminal nocisensors in 15 non-addicted healthy volunteers. A general linear model (GLM) analysis identified reduced activations in the hippocampus and the anterior insula following THC administration. However, assessment of psychophysiological interaction (PPI) revealed that the effects of THC first consisted in a weakening of the interaction between the thalamus and the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2). From there, dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was employed to infer that THC attenuated the connections to the hippocampus and to the anterior insula, suggesting that the reduced activations in these regions are secondary to a reduction of the connectivity from somatosensory regions by THC. These findings may have consequences for the way THC effects are currently interpreted: as cannabinoids are increasingly considered in pain treatment, present results provide relevant information about how THC interferes with the affective component of pain. Specifically, the present experiment suggests that THC does not selectively affect limbic regions, but rather interferes with sensory processing which in turn reduces sensory-limbic connectivity, leading to deactivation of affective regions.

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The effect of cannabinoids on intestinal motility and their antinociceptive effect in mice

Cited by 108 publications

References 8 publications

Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol and gastric emptying.

Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol and gastric emptying.

Pharmacology of Marijuana

Brain Mapping-Based Model of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Effects on Connectivity in the Pain Matrix

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