The effect of calcium palmitate on bacteria associated with infant gut microbiota

Wang, Lu; Bravo-Ruiseco, Gabriela; Happe, Randolph; He, Tao; Dijl, Jan Maarten van; Harmsen, Hermie J. M.

doi:10.1002/mbo3.1187

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Higher faecal levels of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli have been shown in faeces of infants fed high sn-2 palmitate diets compared to infants on low sn-2 palmitate diets [ 7 – 9 ] at dosages that were comparable with those in our study. Furthermore, a recent in vitro study demonstrated growth inhibition of several beneficial bacteria, including strains of bifidobacteria, by calcium palmitate [ 6 ]. In our study, no significant difference was found for bifidobacteria between the MF and VF interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. 6 Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece.…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to an effect on stool consistency, faecal soaps might also influence gut microbiota composition and activity. In vitro, calcium palmitate inhibited the growth of the beneficial bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and several Bifidobacterium species [6]. Furthermore, several clinical trials demonstrated higher faecal concentrations of bifidobacteria in infants fed with IF rich in sn-2 palmitate than in infants fed with IF low in sn-2 palmitate [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of bovine milk fat-based infant formulae on microbiota, metabolites and stool parameters in healthy term infants in a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2022

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Background Natural enrichment of sn-2 palmitate content of infant formulae by using bovine milk fat is known to reduce formation of faecal fatty acid soaps and to improve stool consistency, but effects on gut microbiota composition are unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the influence of milk fat-based formula high in sn-2 palmitate on the infants’ gut microbiota composition and to confirm the beneficial effects of the formula on formation of faecal fatty acid soaps and stool consistency. Methods Twenty-two healthy term, formula-fed infants were enrolled in a single-blinded randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. After a 2-week run-in period, infants received either a 50% milk fat-based formula containing 39% sn-2 palmitate (MF) or a vegetable fat-based formula (VF) containing 10% sn-2 palmitate in a 2 × 2-week crossover design. Faecal microbiota composition was the primary outcome of the study. Other outcomes included faecal fatty acid soap excretion, calcium excretion, gut comfort parameters and faecal metabolites. Results Microbiota analysis showed that bifidobacteria dominated the gut microbiota of most infants. Neither alpha- nor beta-diversity was significantly influenced by the intervention. Also, abundance of metabolic pathways was independent of the intervention. The MF formula resulted in significantly lower faecal levels of palmitic acid soap (p = 0.0002) and total fatty acid soaps (p = 0.0001) than the VF formula. Additionally, calcium excretion and palmitic acid concentration were significantly (p = 0.0335) lower in stool samples after MF intervention. Furthermore, a significant physiological effect on softer stools was observed in the MF intervention compared to the VF intervention (p = 0.02). Of the 870 measured faecal metabolites, 190 were significantly different after MF and VF intervention (FDR corrected p < 0.05). Most of these were found at higher levels after MF intervention, potentially indicative of the complex structure of milk fat. Metabolites with more than twofold change between interventions were mostly lipid-derived and included several milk fat-specific fatty acids. Conclusions Replacing part of the vegetable fat in infant formula with bovine milk fat with high sn-2 palmitate levels did not change the microbiota composition, although a reduction in faecal palmitate soaps, total fatty acid soaps and calcium excretion while improving stool consistency in the MF intervention was confirmed. In addition, 190 faecal metabolites were significantly different, many related to the fat source. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Registry Identifier: NL7815 19/06/2019.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of bovine milk fat-based infant formulae on microbiota, metabolites and stool parameters in healthy term infants in a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2022

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“…продемонстрирована хорошая переносимость продукта, благоприятное влияние на рост и развитие младенца, сокращение интенсивности младенческих колик и нормализация пассажа по кишечнику [15]. Авторы отметили, что минимальные пищеварительные Смесь на основе козьего молока Kabrita ® обогащена сывороткой, жировым комплексом, рекордным содержанием β-пальмитата (42%), который не гидролизуется на свободные пальмитиновые кислоты, а потому не образует нерастворимые кальциевые мыла в гастроинтестинальном тракте ребенка [16]. Как следствие, β-пальмитиновая кислота положительно влияет на развитие микробиоты, так как не ограничивает рост положительных бактерий.…”

Section: особенности адаптированной смеси на основе козьего молокаunclassified

Adapted goat milk formulas in infant nutrition: when, to whom and for how long

et al. 2023

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Breast milk is the gold standard for infant feeding. In case of its lack or insufficiency, this brings up the question about an affordable and adequate alternative. Adapted cow’s milk formulas are most commonly used, but the incidence of cow’s milk protein allergy in young children is increasing worldwide. Given the early onset of gastrointestinal disorders in infants, minimal digestive dysfunctions are often interpreted by doctors as sensitization to cow’s milk proteins or functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, there are conditions associated not with cow’s milk protein allergy, but intolerance. These conditions are difficult to diagnose, as the mechanism of development of cow’s milk protein allergy has not been sufficiently studied and is often not associated with an IgE-mediated immunological response. Food intolerance is associated with the enzymatic immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract and insufficient activity of intestinal microbiota. This article highlights the issues of cow’s milk protein allergy and food intolerance. In case of food sensitization and even minimal clinical manifestations of cow’s milk protein allergy, the choice of formula should always be made in favour of deep-hydrolyzed milk protein formulas. Goat protein formulas cannot be used in cases of cow’s milk protein allergy due to cross-sensitization effects. The aim of the article was to analyze a differentiated approach to the choice of infant nutrition in the absence of breastfeeding.

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“…Furthermore, goat’s milk formulas often contain a modified fat blend utilizing a specific mixture of vegetable oils to achieve a high concentration of palmitic acid and mimic the composition/ function of palmitic acid present in breast milk [ 32 , 33 ]. Interestingly, research suggests that modification of fat in infant formulas may benefit the development of the gut microbiota by supporting the colonization of beneficial bacteria during early life [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey to Identify the Current Management of Cow’s Milk Disorders and the Role of Goat Milk-Based Formulas in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Bahbah

El-Hodhod

Salah³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Background: Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) and cow’s milk intolerance (CMI) are the major cow’s milk disorders observed in infants and young children. This study investigates, for the first time, physician knowledge regarding CMA and CMI prevalence, diagnosis, and management in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. In addition, we explore the role of goat milk-based formula as an alternative in infants suffering from CMI. Method: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. A convenience sample of 2500 MENA-based physicians received the questionnaire, developed by a working group of pediatric experts. Results: 1868 physicians completed the questionnaire, including pediatric specialists (80.8%), training physicians (0.2%), dermatologists (0.1%), family/general physicians (12.9%), neonatologists (3.6%), neurosurgeons (0.2%), allergy nurse specialists (0.3%), pharmacists (2.1%), and public health workers (0.1%). Differentiation between CMA and CMI was recognized by the majority of respondents (80.7%), for which the majority of respondents (35.4%) identified that the elimination and challenge test was the best test to differentiate CMA from CMI, whereas 30.7% and 5.4% preferred the immunoglobulin E (IgE) test and skin prick test, respectively. In addition, 28.5% of respondents reported that there is no confirmatory test to differentiate CMA from CMI. The majority of respondents (47.3%) reported that amino acid-based formula (AAF)/ extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) is the cornerstone for the management of CMA. However, most respondents (33.7%) reported that lactose avoidance was best for the management of CMI. Overall, 65% of the respondents were aware of nutritionally adapted goat’s milk formula as an alternative to cow’s milk products and 37% would recommend its routine use in infants (≤2 years of age). Conclusion: The results of this survey demonstrate that the majority of physicians are aware of the underlying pathophysiology and management of CMA and CMI. However, a significant proportion of physicians do not follow the clinical guidelines concerning CMA/CMI diagnosis and management. Notably, this survey identified that goat’s milk formulas may offer a suitable alternative to AAF/EHF in infants with CMI as they contain β-casein protein which is easily digestible. In addition, goat’s milk formulas contain higher levels of oligosaccharides and medium-chained fatty acids compared with standard cow’s milk formulas, yet further clinical trials are warranted to support the inclusion of goat’s milk formulas in clinical guidelines.

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The effect of calcium palmitate on bacteria associated with infant gut microbiota

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of bovine milk fat-based infant formulae on microbiota, metabolites and stool parameters in healthy term infants in a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial

Effect of bovine milk fat-based infant formulae on microbiota, metabolites and stool parameters in healthy term infants in a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial

Adapted goat milk formulas in infant nutrition: when, to whom and for how long

A Survey to Identify the Current Management of Cow’s Milk Disorders and the Role of Goat Milk-Based Formulas in the Middle East and North Africa Region

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