The effect of bilateral high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive functions in schizophrenia

Abstract

Highlights Despite their major effects on positive symptoms, antipsychotics do not have a significant effect on cognition in schizophrenia Bilateral high frequency rTMS targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortices has been effective on working memory Bilateral 20 Hz rTMS improved attention and verbal working memory in schizophrenia patients, It also improved the competence of switching the perceptional set up under a disruptive effect towards new instructions, in this study

The efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…2 . Eighteen studies showed a statistically significant superior effect of TMS compared to sham treatment 21 , 22 , 38 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 88 – 90 , 95 , 96 , 100 – 103 , 105 , 106 and one study found a statistically significant superior effect of sham treatment 36 . The remaining studies did not show a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups.…”

“…TMS is approved for the treatment of major depression (https:// www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf6/K061053.pdf) and since the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and the symptoms of major depression both represent deficits of normal functions, TMS has also been explored as a potential treatment of negative symptoms among patients with schizophrenia [15][16][17][18] . Since the most recent reviews of the literature on TMS for treatment of negative symptoms [15][16][17][18] , several trials have been conductedsome using novel stimulation parameters as well as neuronavigation to improve targeting [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . Due to these developments in the field, an updated synthesis would be of relevance.…”

The efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for negative symptoms in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Standardized mean differences for the included studies are shown in Figure 2. Seventeen studies showed a statistically significant superior effect of TMS compared to sham treatment [13, 14, 34, 75, 76, 78, 79, 85-87, 91, 92, 96-99, 101] and one study found a statistically significant superior effect of sham treatment [32]. The remaining studies did not show a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups.…”

“…The means and standard deviations of PANSS-N was the most common missing piece of information (i.e., from studies where only the total PANSS scores were reported). From these 35 studies, three author groups provided data [13,18,31], and data were extracted from graphs in an additional eight studies [19,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Hence, 24 articles were excluded due to non-available data .…”

“…Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive treatment modality, which has been pursued in schizophrenia to treat both positive and negative symptoms, although with different methodologies and targets. Since the most recent reviews and meta-analyses studies on this topic [8][9][10], several new trials have emerged [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], with some using novel stimulation parameters as well as neuronavigation to better target key neurological structures, thereby possibly improving treatment outcomes. Here, we synthesize this literature in an up-to-date systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials reporting on the efficacy of rTMS in the treatment of negative symptoms among patients with schizophrenia.…”