The Effect of Bacillus subtilis on In Vitro Growth and Pathogenicity of Erwinia amylovora

El‐Goorani, M. A.; Hassanein, F. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1991.tb00146.x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The Gram‐positive bacteria B. megaterium (Jock et al. 2002), B. subtilis (El‐Goorani and Hassanein 1991) and B. cereus (Emmert and Handelsman 1999) also have been shown to antagonize Erw. amylovora , the latter via production of two antibiotics (Emmert and Handelsman 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective inhibition of Erwinia amylovora by the herbicidally active germination-arrest factor (GAF) produced by Pseudomonas bacteria

Halgren

Azevedo

Mills

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: The germination‐arrest factor (GAF) produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6, and identified as 4‐formylaminooxyvinylglycine, specifically inhibits the germination of a wide range of grassy weeds. This study was undertaken to determine whether GAF has antimicrobial activity in addition to its inhibitory effects on grass seed germination. Methods and Results: Culture filtrate from Ps. fluorescens WH6 had little or no effect on 17 species of bacteria grown in Petri dish lawns, but the in vitro growth of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the disease of orchard crops known as fire blight, was strongly inhibited by the filtrate. The anti‐Erwinia activity of WH6 culture filtrate was shown to be due to its GAF content, and a commercially available oxyvinylglycine, 4‐aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), exhibited anti‐Erwinia activity similar to that of GAF. The effects of GAF on Erwinia were reversed by particular amino acids. Conclusions: The biological properties of GAF include a rather specific antimicrobial activity against Erw. amylovora. This may be a general property of oxyvinylglycines as AVG exhibited similar activity. The ability of particular amino acids to reverse GAF inhibition is consistent with a potential effect of this compound on the activity of aminotransferases. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results presented here demonstrate a novel antimicrobial activity of oxyvinylglycines and suggest that GAF and/or GAF‐producing bacteria may have potential for the control of fire blight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective inhibition of Erwinia amylovora by the herbicidally active germination-arrest factor (GAF) produced by Pseudomonas bacteria

Halgren

Azevedo

Mills

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…Bacillus subtilis offers advantages for biocontrol because of its formulation and long-term survival characteristics (Emmert and Handelsman, 1999). Other than an early study demonstrating in vitro antagonism of E. amylovora by Bacillus strains (Elgoorani and Hassanein, 1991), few studies have examined the biocontrol activity and ecology of this group of potential antagonists against fire blight. Biopro Ò was recently shown to have promise for reducing blossom blight caused by E. amylovora in several field trials on several apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Gloster, Idared and James Grieve) in Germany between 1998 and 2000 under both natural and artificial pathogen inoculation conditions, but the level of control achieved was found to be erratic providing anywhere between 43% and 71% disease reduction (Laux et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the fire blight biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis BD170 (Biopro�) in a Swiss apple orchard

et al. 2005

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Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a major disease threat to apple, pear and other pome fruit worldwide. The disease is widespread in Europe and has recently become established in Switzerland. Antibiotics are the most effective controls used in North America but these are not permitted for agricultural use in most European countries. A newly registered biological control product Biopro Ò , based on the antagonist Bacillus subtilis strain BD170, is being used as an alternative strategy for fire blight management. A specific molecular marker was developed for monitoring the spread of this agent on blossoms after Biopro Ò spray application in a Swiss apple orchard throughout the bloom period for 2 years. Direct spraying resulted in efficient primary colonisation of pistils in flowers that were open at the time of treatment. Subsequent bacterial dissemination (secondary colonisation) of flowers that were closed or at bud stage at the time of treatment was observed but was found to be dependent on the timing of treatments relative to bloom stage in the orchard. Foraging honeybees were shown to be disseminators of Biopro Ò . We also report detection of the biocontrol agent in honey collected from hives where bees were exposed by placing Biopro Ò at the entrance or in the hatching nest and from hives that were simply placed in sprayed orchards.

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“…Examples of BCAs currently implemented or under research for the control of fire blight are Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg 1835) Cohn 1872, Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula 1895, and strains of Pantoea agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Gavini et al . 1989 (Elgoorani & Hassanein, 1991; Pujol et al ., 2006; Mommaerts & Smagghe, 2011; Kim et al ., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burrill 1882) Winslow et al 1920 is one of the major contagious diseases affecting apple, pear and many other members of the family Rosaceae. Examples of BCAs currently implemented or under research for the control of fire blight are Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg 1835) Cohn 1872, Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula 1895, and strains of Pantoea agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Gavini et al 1989 (Elgoorani & Hassanein, 1991;Pujol et al, 2006;Mommaerts & Smagghe, 2011;Kim et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of a model biocontrol agent (Serenade® MAX) in apple and pear by mason bees and bumble bees

Maebe

Vanderhaegen

Pisman

et al. 2020

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Biocontrol agents (BCAs) are commonly sprayed on flowering pipfruit trees to prevent them from getting infected by various pathogens. By entomovectoring, BCAs can be directly delivered onto the flowers. However, we currently lack knowledge on the distribution dynamics of BCAs by pollinators. 2 Here, managed bees, both bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) and mason bees (Osmia bicornis and Osmia cornuta), were placed in the vicinity of flowering pipfruit trees (pear -'Conference', and apple-'Svatava' and 'Jonagold'), and this allowed us to investigate the distribution of a model BCA, namely, Serenade® MAX, from spray-inoculated flowers of a centralized tree to non-inoculated flowers of surrounding receiver trees by bees in an experimental setup in outdoor conditions. 3 One hour after inoculation, we detected an enrichment of BCA in the flowers of the receiver trees and this for each tested pipfruit. 4 The distribution of BCA from treated to untreated flowers was homogenous between the receiver trees for 'Svatava', while significantly different loads were detected for both 'Conference' and 'Jonagold', which might be due to differences in environmental factors, and/or bee characteristics. 5 More research is needed to understand the distribution dynamics of BCAs by pollinators in field conditions, such as in commercial orchards or crop fields, and how this could result in an efficient control.

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The Effect of Bacillus subtilis on In Vitro Growth and Pathogenicity of Erwinia amylovora

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Selective inhibition of Erwinia amylovora by the herbicidally active germination-arrest factor (GAF) produced by Pseudomonas bacteria

Selective inhibition of Erwinia amylovora by the herbicidally active germination-arrest factor (GAF) produced by Pseudomonas bacteria

Detection of the fire blight biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis BD170 (Biopro�) in a Swiss apple orchard

Distribution of a model biocontrol agent (Serenade® MAX) in apple and pear by mason bees and bumble bees

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