“…There are several previous related studies that used content analysis by word counting to quantify the level of KAMs reporting in audit reporting on corporate annual reports (Suttipun, 2020, 2021; Wuttichindanon and Issarawornrawanich, 2020). The other independent variables were external audit characteristics consisting of audit fees (Al-Khaddash et al , 2013; Suseno, 2013; Rahmina and Agoes, 2014; Alareeni, 2017), which was measured by the annual audit fees (in million baht) paid by each of the listed companies, audit tenure that was measured by a dummy variable (Jackson et al , 2008; Clarina and Fitriany, 2019), audit experience which was measured by the period of being auditor (Gereyli et al , 2011; Inaam et al , 2012; Al-khaddash et al , 2013), auditor firm size which was measured by the total asset of the auditor firms (Gerayli et al , 2011; Inaam et al , 2012; Triani and Yanthi, 2019) and audit independence which was measured by the ratio of audit fees per audit firm income (James and Izien, 2014; Rahmina and Agoes, 2014; Handoko and Pamungkas, 2020). The dependent variable in this study was audit quality (Jackson et al , 2008) measuring by the Modified Jones Model (1995).…”