The history of conventional accounting dominates the literature on the history of accounting, and it is still rare to find a history that describes Islamic accounting comprehensively. In addition, the concept of accountability is still dominated by financial accountability alone. This paper aims to describe the history of Islamic accounting starting from the period of the Prophet until the 20th century. This paper also attempts to describe the concept of accountability from an Islamic perspective. The research approach used in this paper is categorized as qualitative research. The bibliographic method or library analysis used in this study reviews some of the previous literature on the history of Islamic accounting and Islamic accountability. History proves that Muslims have implemented modern and sophisticated accounting systems and practices. The manuscript by Al-Mazindarani entitled "Halakiyah Kitab as-Syiyaqaf Essay" in 765H or 1363M describes the popular accounting practices applied at that time, namely jaridah al-kharaj, jaridah an-nafakat, jaridah al-maal, and jaridah al-masadarin. Even the accounting profession (al-katib) should not be held by everyone and only those who have qualifications such as technical competence, understanding of sharia values, being responsible and trustworthy. The history of Islamic accounting is inseparable from the awareness of avoiding usury, the formation of the first Islamic bank, and the role of professional organizations in terms of regulation of Islamic accounting standards. The Islamic accounting conceptual framework is very different from the conventional accounting conceptual framework in terms of meaning and definition, profit perception, going concern assumption, unit of measurement assumption, and disclosure principle. Accountability in Islam views the responsibility of each individual or company to God as the giver of the mandate (hablum minallah) and to humans (hablum minannas).
This research aims to test whether deferred tax expense and accruals affect in detectingearnings management to avoid reporting earnings decline and to avoid reportinglosses at the stage of the company life cycle period from 2000 to 2007. Earnings managementis an effort made by the manager with the purpose to increase or decrease theprofit. Deferred tax expense is the expense arising from temporary differences betweenaccounting income and taxable income. The accrual is to recognize revenue when it isgenerated and recognized expense in the period incurred, regardless of the time ofreceipt or payment of cash. The life cycle is divided into stages of company, namelystart-up, growth, mature and decline. Results of this research is that there is no effectof deferred tax expense in detecting earnings management in order to avoid reportingearnings decline and to avoid reporting losses for the growth and mature stage of.Accrual has no effect in detecting earnings management to avoid reporting earningsdecline in both growth and mature stage. To avoid reporting losses, accruals in detectingearnings management influence the growth stage, while the mature stage accrualdoes not affect in detecting earnings management. This research does not test on startupstage and decline because the data sample is not sufficient for a stage to be tested.
The aim of this paper is to review a number of previous studies that examined the relationship of mandatory and voluntary disclosure variables with capital market variables such as market prices, market returns and the cost of equity capital. The first part of this paper is an explanation of the theories that form the basis of research on this topic. The second part of this paper is a review of some accounting research that examines the relationship between company disclosure and capital market variables. The third part reveals several accounting research opportunities that can be done to continue the results of previous studies. The review process was conducted on twelve international journals related to capital market-based accounting research in the period 2006-2015. Based on the literature review, the results show that the basic theories that are widely used are the efficient market theory, agency theory, behavior theory, economic theory, voluntary disclosure theory, value relevance, and net surplus theory. The most widely conducted research is to examine the effect of mandatory disclosures on capital market variables such as returns, market value, firm value, and others. In addition, the majority of studies examine the impact of voluntary disclosure on capital market variables such as stock prices, equity capital costs, and returns. The archiving method is more widely used by utilizing secondary data, whereas few use experiments. Research opportunities that can be directed to: (1) examine the impact of sharia disclosures on capital market variables (2) using experimental methods, and (3) test the association of social disclosures, environmental disclosures, disclosure of intellectual capital and other types of voluntary disclosures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.