The effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis EB 188: effects on physiology

Welch, R. P.; Tsai, K.-P.; Harper, Elvin; Chang, Jong-Soo; Calza, R. E.

doi:10.1007/s002530050767

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The counts of anaerobic fungi in the rumen were unaffected by A. oryae extract (Newbold et al 1992;Mathieu et al 1996), and hydrogen production, as an indicator of fermentation and growth, by two strains of Neocallimastix and one Piromyces was not affected by the presence of the extract in the culture medium (Newbold et al 1992). A stimulatory effect of a heat-and proteinaselabile A. oryzae extract on growth and cellulase production by pure cultures of Neocallimastix, Orpinomyces and Piromyces has been reported in other studies Welch et al 1996). Chaucheyras et al (1995) found that live yeast stimulated the growth in poor medium of a culture of N. frontalis in a dose dependent manner, most probably by providing B-group vitamins (mainly thiamin), but the feeding of live S. cerevisiae to sheep had no effect on the numbers of fungal zoospores in the rumen (Mathieu et al 1996).…”

Section: Probiotics or Direct-fed Microbialssupporting

confidence: 57%

The role of anaerobic gut fungi in ruminants

1998

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Anaerobic chytridiomycete fungi are found in the gastrointestinal tracts of sheep, cattle and goats, as well as in many other domesticated ruminant and nonruminant herbivores and a wide variety of wild herbivorous mammals. They are principally found associated with the fibrous plant particles of digesta and as free swimming zoospores in the fluid phase. The presence of large fungal populations in animals consuming mature pasture or diets largely composed of hay or straw together with the production of highly active fibre degrading enzymes lead to' the belief that anaerobic fungi may have a significant role to play in the assimilation of fibrous feeds by ruminants. While many early studies focused on anaerobic fungi because of their unusual biology and metabolism, the large part of subsequent research has emphasized the biotechnological potential of their cellulases, xylanases and phenolic esterases. In recent years, the extent of the contribution of anaerobic fungi to the nutrition of ruminants has also been established through studies of fungal populations in the rumen and the dietary factors which influence them, as presented in this review. Further, we discuss the evidence supporting an important contribution of anaerobic fungal populations in the rumen to feed intake and digestion of poor quality feed by domesticated ruminants. In conclusion, the review explores some different methods for manipulating fungi in the rumen for increased feed intake and digestion.

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Section: Probiotics or Direct-fed Microbialssupporting

confidence: 57%

The role of anaerobic gut fungi in ruminants

1998

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“…Amaferm is thought to have 2 modes of action; it in-creases populations of ruminai bacteria and increases the growth rate and activity of rumen fungi Welch et aL, 1996;Beharka and Nagaraja, 1998;Chang et al, 1999). The effects of AMF have been demonstrated to be influenced by diet and forage type, which may explain the different effects AMF had on the 2 corn types (Beharka and Nagaraja, 1993).…”

Section: Expmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of diet and Aspergillus oryzae extract or Saccharomyces cervisiae on growth and carcass characteristics of lambs and steers fed to meet requirements of natural markets1,2

Zerby

Bard

Loerch

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of diet and feed additive on growth and carcass characteristics of lambs and cattle destined for all natural markets. In Exp. 1, 48 Dorset × Hampshire lambs (initial BW 29.4 ± 0.1 kg) were used in a randomized complete block experiment to determine the effects of Aspergillus oryzae extract, Amaferm (AMF) supplementation (1 g/d) in an 85% concentrate diet on growth and carcass characteristics. Lambs were allotted to 12 pens (4 lambs per pen), and blocked by sex and BW. Lambs were fed until the average BW of each pen reached a target BW (55.4 kg for wethers and 50.0 kg for ewes), at which time the entire pen of lambs was slaughtered. Amaferm resulted in a greater (P=0.07) G:F. In Exp. 2, 168 crossbred steers (initial BW 300 ± 0.7 kg) were used in a trial with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to examine the effects of 0.5 g/d of Saccaromyces cervisiae boulardii CNCM 1079-Levucell SB (LEV), or 3 g/d of AMF with 2 corn sources, dry whole-shelled corn or high moisture corn, on growth and carcass characteristics. Neither LEV nor AMF improved (P>0.10) carcass characteristics compared with control or non-feed-supplemented steers. Addition of LEV to high-concentrate, corn-based diets did not improve (P>0.10) growth performance of feedlot steers. However, addition of AMF to a diet composed of dry whole-shelled corn resulted in an improvement (P<0.05) in G:F (0.208 vs. 0.194). Results indicate that at the amounts fed, AMF may improve G:F for lambs and steers fed dry corn-based finishing diets.

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“…In a previous study which measured the endogenous enzymes present in that preparation ( Welch et al . 1996 ), it was concluded that insufficient activities are present to be responsible for the increased digestibility recorded in production ruminants.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this report, Neocallimastix frontalis EB188 is used as an in vitro tester system ( Harper et al . 1996 ; Welch et al . 1996 ) to measure fungal morphology and secretion of various enzymes in the presence of AO fermentation extract (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation extract effects on the morphology and metabolism of the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis EB188

1999

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. 1999. The effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract, Amaferm TM , on the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis EB188 were studied. The secretion of cellulase was increased by 67% and rhyzoid development was increased 3·8-fold in the presence of extract. Strength of fungal response increased in a dose-dependent manner and demonstrated a positive correlation between cell surface area and enzyme secretion. Above certain concentrations of extract, however, the development of the fungus and enzyme secretions remained at control values or slightly diminished. Supernatant fluid appearance of the intracellular enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, paralleled the secretion of cellulase both in the presence and absence of extract. Ether solubilization of extract demonstrated that the active component(s) possessed a moderately polar value between 2·7 and 2·8. Thin layer chromatography separated extract into inert, inhibitory and intensely stimulating fractions. These results support the idea that by accelerating fungal growth and metabolism, Amaferm TM increases the rate (or extent) of fibre degradation caused by rumen fungi and that this, in turn, may contribute to enhanced animal performance.

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The effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis EB 188: effects on physiology

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

The role of anaerobic gut fungi in ruminants

The role of anaerobic gut fungi in ruminants

Effects of diet and Aspergillus oryzae extract or Saccharomyces cervisiae on growth and carcass characteristics of lambs and steers fed to meet requirements of natural markets1,2

Fermentation extract effects on the morphology and metabolism of the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis EB188

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