The effect of artichoke leaf extract supplementation on lipid and CETP response in metabolic syndrome with respect to Taq 1B CETP polymorphism: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Impact of Foods and Dietary Supplements Containing Hydroxycinnamic Acids on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: A Systematic Review to Explore Inter-Individual Variability

“…Regarding blood lipids, 55% of the studies (12/22 studies) demonstrated a significant effect on at least one measure of the lipid profile (i.e., decrease in TG, LDL-C and total-C and/or increase in HDL-C) following HCA consumption [28,50,51,53,54,56,57,58,59,60,61,62]. Fifty percent of studies (9/18 studies) that measured both LDL and TC demonstrated a significant reduction in both [28,50,51,54,58,59,60,61,62], aside from one which found significance only for TC [60]. In comparing those nine studies reporting a significant reduction to those that did not, those that did had a greater baseline LDL level (~3.34 mmol/L vs. 2.91 mmol/L).…”

“…Considering the source of the HCAs consumed, in the nine studies that found a significant reduction in TC or LDL, seven used capsules of extracts rich in HCAs [51,54,58,59,60,61,62], one used instant soup enriched in GCE [50] and one used 6 g/d of a soluble green/roasted coffee blend [28]. This contrasts the nine studies that did not find a significant improvement on TC or LDL, in which six studies used brewed or canned coffee [53,56,57,63,64,65], one used a beverage enriched in GCE [30], one fruit juice enriched in GCE [66] and one GCE in capsules [67].…”

“…However, when groups were further stratified by median HDL level, there was a significant increase in HDL in women who had ≤median HDL. The impact of sex was also considered in a study enrolling 80 patients with MetS and screened for polymorphisms of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which is directly related to MetS risk [58]. Although there was no interaction in the whole population between CETP gene mutation and response to 12-week ALE supplementation (~22 mg CQAs), the subgroup analysis revealed that only men with CETP gene mutation had significantly lower LDL-C levels after 12-week supplementation, compared to placebo.…”

The antioxidant activity of artichoke (Cynara scolymus): A systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal studies

“…Traditionally, artichoke has been used as a remedy to treat hepato‐biliary disease and dyspepsia (LaGow, ). In previous in vitro and in vivo studies, extracts of artichoke heads and leaves have shown antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cholerectic, hypocholesterlomic, hypoglycemic, and anticancer effects (Al‐Ahdab, ; Ebrahimi‐Mameghani, Asghari‐Jafarabadi, & Rezazadeh, ; El Sohaimy, ; Emanue, Adrian, Sultana, & Svetlana, ; Gebhardt & Fausel, ; Rezazadeh, Rahmati‐Yamchi, Mohammadnejad, Ebrahimi‐Mameghani, & Delazar, ; Rezazadeh, Rezazadeh, & Ebrahimi‐Mamaghani, ; Rondanelli et al, ; Rondanelli, Giacosa, Orsini, Opizzi, & Villani, ).…”

Factors affecting intake, metabolism and health benefits of phenolic acids: do we understand individual variability?

“…However, the variability was not associated with a specific factor, nor was the diet assessed for the intake of particular classes of polyphenols, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. Artichoke leaf extract, containing mainly HCAs (chlorogenic acid, cynarin, and caffeic acid), sesquiterpene lactones, and flavonoids (e.g., luteolin), decreased LDL-C levels only in men with a certain genotype of Taq IB in the CETP gene (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) [125]. The effect is likely attributable to the (poly)phenols present in artichoke, but the contribution of phenolic acids remains unclear, since both chlorogenic acid and luteolin can inhibit LDL oxidation in vitro [126].…”