The Effect of Arousal on Joint Kinematics and Kinetics in Children

Beuter, Anne; Duda, Joan L.; Widule, Carol J.

doi:10.1080/02701367.1989.10607425

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It has been shown that pressure from external stressors increases activities in the sympathetic nervous system, such as increased heart rate (HR) (e.g., Beuter et al, 1989) and decreased percentages of high-frequency sub-band in HR variability (Mullen et al, 2005). Moreover, endocrinological changes have also been observed in the form of increased production of adrenal cortex hormones, such as cortisol (Salvador et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationships between Psychological/Physiological Changes and Behavioral/Performance Changes of a Golf Putting Task under Pressure

Tanaka

Sekiya

2010

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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Theˆrst purpose of this study was to examine relationships between psychological/physiological and behavioral variables when participants are placed under pressure in a golf-putting task. The second purpose was to examine the relationships between psychological/physiological variables and performance. Sixteen male novices performed 150 acquisition trials, followed by 10 test trials under pressure induced by performance-contingent distractors: a cash reward or a punishment. Following test trials, each participant answered a questionnaire concerning attentional focus, including self-reports of conscious movement control and eŠects of the distractors. Results indicated successful stress induction indexed by signiˆcant increases in state anxiety, negative emotions, and heart rate under pressure. The step-wise multiple regression analyses showed that attention to distractors decreased movement displacements of both the golf club and the participant's right elbow in the follow-through phase. Also during a backswing, the movement speed of both the club and of a participant's elbow were more likely to increase with those participants whose heart rate increased under pressure. The other multipleregression analysis showed that the participants who reported increased conscious control of movements under pressure exhibited a greater variability in the terminal locations of their putted balls. Previous studies concerning the conscious processing hypothesis and the distraction hypothesis have suggested that two types of changes in attention cause poor performance under pressure. Theˆndings of this study indicate that under pressure both types of attention shifts were shown to be associated with poor performance or with kinematic changes during golfputting. In addition, it can be assumed that physiological emotional responses are also associated with kinematic changes under pressure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationships between Psychological/Physiological Changes and Behavioral/Performance Changes of a Golf Putting Task under Pressure

Tanaka

Sekiya

2010

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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“…Instead, also the mechanisms affecting the performance should be considered, such as changes in the execution of movements (e.g., Beuter & Duda, 1985;Collins, Jones, Fairweather, Doolan, & Priestley, 2001;Janelle, 2002;Martens, 1971;Mullen & Hardy, 2000;Schmidt, 1982;van Loon, Masters, Ring, & McIntyre, 2001;Weinberg, 1978). The (pioneering) work of Weinberg (1978;Weinberg & Hunt, 1976) and Beuter and Duda (1985;Beuter, Duda, & Widule, 1989) illustrated the importance of examining anxiety and accompanying changes in movement pattern. These authors demonstrated differences in co-ordination patterns suggesting less efficient movements in high-anxiety conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anxiety-Induced Changes in Movement Behaviour during the Execution of a Complex whole-body task

Pijpers

Oudejans

Bakker

2005

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A

117

100

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We investigated the impact of anxiety on movement behaviour during the execution of a complex perceptual-motor task. Masters ' (1992) conscious processing hypothesis suggests that under pressure an inward focus of attention occurs, resulting in more conscious control of the movement execution of well-learned skills. The conscious processes interfere with automatic task execution hereby inducing performance decrements. Recent empirical support for the hypothesis has focused on the effects of pressure on end performance. It has not been tested so far whether the changes in performance are also accompanied by changes in movement execution that would be expected following Masters' hypothesis. In the current study we tested the effects of anxiety on climbing movements on a climbing wall. Two identical traverses at different heights on a climbing wall provided different anxiety conditions. In line with the conscious processing hypothesis we found that anxiety had a significant effect on participants' movement behaviour evidenced by increases in climbing time and the number of explorative movements (Experiments 1 and 2) and by longer grasping of the holds and slower movements (Experiment 2). These results provide additional support for the conscious processing hypothesis and insight into the relation between anxiety, performance, and movement behaviour.When the pressure is high, performance becomes less predictable. In sports, for example, some top athletes thrive under the pressure while others miserably fail, especially at these crucial moments of, for instance, a decisive penalty shot in soccer or a match point in tennis. What does it mean to execute perceptual-motor skills under high pressure? Why do some seem to benefit from stressful situations while others seem to suffer under those circumstances? In what way are movements different when they are executed in anxiety-provoking situations compared to more neutral situations? To answer the question why anxiety may

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“…For example, in the PPG group in Experiment 2, a distal part process focus on the fingers or wrist in the basketball free throw may have been more susceptible to anxiety effects than a more proximal part process focus on the knees or the shooting arm (cf. Beuter, Duda, & Widule, 1989). Participants may have selected primarily proximally focused part process goals, and these may have been more resistant to anxiety effects than distally focused part process goals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conscious Processing and the Process Goal Paradox

Mullen

Hardy²

2010

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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The three experiments reported here examined the process goal paradox, which has emerged from the literature on goal setting and conscious processing. We predicted that skilled but anxious performers who adopted a global movement focus using holistic process goals would outperform those who used part-oriented process goals. In line with the conscious processing hypothesis, we also predicted that performers using part process goals would experience performance impairment in test compared with baseline conditions. In all three experiments, participants performed motor tasks in baseline and test conditions. Cognitive state anxiety increased in all of the test conditions. The results confirmed our first prediction; however, we failed to find unequivocal evidence to support our second prediction. The consistent pattern of the results lends support to the suggestion that, for skilled athletes who perform under competitive pressure, using a holistic process goal that focuses attention on global aspects of a motor skill is a more effective attentional focus strategy than using a part process goal.

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The Effect of Arousal on Joint Kinematics and Kinetics in Children

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

The Relationships between Psychological/Physiological Changes and Behavioral/Performance Changes of a Golf Putting Task under Pressure

The Relationships between Psychological/Physiological Changes and Behavioral/Performance Changes of a Golf Putting Task under Pressure

Anxiety-Induced Changes in Movement Behaviour during the Execution of a Complex whole-body task

Conscious Processing and the Process Goal Paradox

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