The Effect of Aromatherapy by Rose Essence on Anxiety and Physiological Indices of Conscious Patients Admitted at Intensive Care Units

Abstract

Background: Anxiety in patients admitted at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is common and usually moderate or severe. Anxiety affects endocrine and physiological responses. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of aromatherapy by rose essence on anxiety and physiological indices of conscious patients admitted at ICU. Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 conscious patients admitted at ICU wards in Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital of Rafsanjan were selected and randomly allocated into two groups of intervention and control. In the intervention group, three drops of 10% rose essence were poured on the gauze and placed 20 cm from the patients’ nose on their shirt, and the patients inhaled it for 20 minutes three times a day. In the control group, three drops of distilled water were used likewise. Data collection tools included Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.18. Results: According to the results, in the intervention group, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly increased (paired t-test, P < 0.05) in the second time after the intervention and significantly decreased (paired t-test, P < 0.05) in the third time. The mean oxygen saturation of arterial blood also significantly increased in the second time in this group after the intervention (paired t-test, P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in anxiety score before and after the intervention in each group. Conclusions: Although aromatherapy using rose essence was statistically significant on some of the physiological indices of conscious patients in ICU, these differences were not clinically significant.

Rosa Damascena mill for treating adults' anxiety, depression, and stress: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Spielberger state–trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used in 16 studies, seven of which used both trait anxiety inventory (TAI, score: 20–80) and state anxiety inventory (SAI, score: 20–80) (Abbasijahromi et al, 2020; Babaii et al, 2015; Barati et al, 2016; Fazlollahpour‐Rokni et al, 2019; Haehner et al, 2017; Najafi et al, 2020; Sadeghi et al, 2020). Furthermore, SAI was applied in nine studies (Babatabar Darzi et al, 2020; Bikmoradi et al, 2020; Dagli et al, 2019; Gholami et al, 2019; Hamdamian et al, 2018; Jodaki et al, 2021; Setayeshvali Pour et al, 2012; Tazakori et al, 2016; Zare et al, 2020). Out of the seven studies that used both dimensions of STAI, one with the posttest‐only control group design was not included in the meta‐analysis (Haehner et al, 2017).…”

“…Out of the 27 included studies that measured anxiety, six evaluated objective indicators such as heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation (Bikmoradi et al, 2021; Dagli et al, 2019; Najafi et al, 2020; Noorian et al, 2020; Tazakori et al, 2016; Zare et al, 2020). Considering the limited number of studies that measured each indicator, it was impossible to pool the data using meta‐analysis.…”

“…In the studies that measured state anxiety, 21 administered RDM aromatherapy for 6-1,440 min using 0.14-14 ml of essential oil (Abbasijahromi et al, 2020;A. Bikmoradi et al, 2021;Dagli et al, 2019;Dehkordi et al, 2017;Fazlollahpour-Rokni et al, 2019;Gholami et al, 2019;Hamdamian et al, 2018;Heydari et al, 2019;Kheirkhah et al, 2014;Najafi et al, 2020;Noorian et al, 2020;Premkumar et al, 2019;Sadeghi et al, 2020;Zare et al, 2020), essence (Babaii et al, 2015;Babatabar Darzi et al, 2020;Daneshpajooh et al, 2019;Jodaki et al, 2021), or rose water (Amini & Alizadeh, 2018;Barati et al, 2016;Seyyed-Rasooli et al, 2014). Two studies used 3 and 126 ml of RDM extract in the form of oral intake (Jamilian et al, 2013;Tazakori et al, 2016).…”

“…In addition, neither oral intake nor inhalation of RDM had significant effects on pre‐procedural anxiety amongst cardiac catheterization candidates (Babaii, Abbasinia, Fakhreddin Hejazi, Seyyed Tabaei, & Dehghani, 2015; Ali Bikmoradi, Roshanaei, Moradkhani, & Fatahi, 2020; Tazakori, Babaei, Karimollahi, Ahmadian‐Attari, & Bayat, 2016). Similarly, RDM inhalation aromatherapy had no significant effects on the anxiety of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) (Zare, Shahabinejad, & Sadeghi, 2020). Moreover, room fragrance with RDM had no significant effects on the anxiety and depression of healthy adults in comparison to the non‐odorous environment (Haehner, Maass, Croy, & Hummel, 2017).…”

Complementary and Alternative Therapy for Pain and Anxiety in Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review

“…Essential oils or aromatherapy can be given to patients for 20 minutes using an oxygen mask, such as for those patients after undergoing CABG surgery. The results of other studies showed that the group that was given rose aromatherapy had less anxiety and was more relaxed (30,31).Research shows that patients who are given rose aromatherapy have less anxiety and feel more relaxed (30). Rose aromatherapy can reduce anxiety and increase relaxation, which affects the nervous and limbic systems so that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is reduced (32).…”