The effect of arm swing on lower extremities in vertical jumping

Hara, Mikiko; Shibayama, Akira; Takeshita, Daisuke; Fukashiro, Senshi

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.07.030

Cited by 102 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The inclusion of an arm swing increased jump height by approximately 10 cm, supporting previous arm swinginduced performance improvements (Feltner, Fraschetti, & Crisp, 1999;Shetty & Etnyre, 1989). Likely contributors to this effect include the increase in work done at the hip joint (Hara, Shibayama, Takeshita, & Fukashiro, 2006;Lees, Vanrenterghem, & De Clercq, 2004) and maximised pre-takeoff mass centre displacement (Cheng, Wang, Chen, Wu, & Chiu, 2008;Harman, Rosenstein, Frykman, & Rosenstein, 1990;Payne, Slater, & Telford, 1968) in jumps with an arm swing. Simulation studies of squat jumping show the augmented hip work to be due to a slowing of hip extension enabling the musculature to work on a more favourable region of the force-velocity curve (Blache & Monteil, 2013;Cheng et al, 2008;Domire & Challis, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Determinants of countermovement jump performance: a kinetic and kinematic analysis

McErlain-Naylor

King

Pain

2014

Journal of Sports Sciences

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This study aimed to investigate the contributions of kinetic and kinematic parameters to inter-individual variation in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Two-dimensional kinematic data and ground reaction forces during a CMJ were recorded for 18 males of varying jumping experience.Ten kinetic and eight kinematic parameters were determined for each performance, describing peak lower-limb joint torques and powers, concentric knee extension rate of torque development, and CMJ technique. Participants also completed a series of isometric knee extensions to measure rate of torque development and peak torque. CMJ height ranged from 0.38 -0.73 m (mean 0.55 ± 0.09 m). CMJ peak knee power, peak ankle power, and take-off shoulder angle explained 74% of this observed variation. CMJ kinematic (58%) and CMJ kinetic (57%) parameters explained a much larger proportion of the jump height variation than the isometric parameters (18%), suggesting that coachable technique factors and the joint kinetics during the jump are important determinants of CMJ performance. Technique, specifically greater ankle plantar-flexion and shoulder flexion at take-off (together explaining 58% of the CMJ height variation), likely influences the extent to which maximal muscle capabilities can be utilised during the jump.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Determinants of countermovement jump performance: a kinetic and kinematic analysis

McErlain-Naylor

King

Pain

2014

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…Therefore, the current methodological approach proposed to estimate the maximal shortening velocity (V Fmax ) on the basis that one trial in NLc may be used in practice in future studies and could be relevant for a better understanding of ballistic performance. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that the ankle joint could reach the equivalent or even higher velocity in ballistic multijoint movements (e.g., vertical jump) than in monoarticular movements such as those the current study explores (25,26,51). Performance in multijoint movements is clearly enhanced by prestretching or the stretch-shortening cycle that involves an even larger contribution of tendinous tissues to angular velocity (34,42).…”

Section: Measurement Of Maximal Fascicles Shortening Velocity In Vivomentioning

confidence: 70%

In vivo maximal fascicle-shortening velocity during plantar flexion in humans

Hauraix

Nordez

Guilhem

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Interindividual variability in performance of fast movements is commonly explained by a difference in maximal muscle-shortening velocity due to differences in the proportion of fast-twitch fibers. To provide a better understanding of the capacity to generate fast motion, this study aimed to 1) measure for the first time in vivo the maximal fascicle-shortening velocity of human muscle; 2) evaluate the relationship between angular velocity and fascicle-shortening velocity from low to maximal angular velocities; and 3) investigate the influence of musculo-articular features (moment arm, tendinous tissues stiffness, and muscle architecture) on maximal angular velocity. Ultrafast ultrasound images of the gastrocnemius medialis were obtained from 31 participants during maximal isokinetic and light-loaded plantar flexions. A strong linear relationship between fascicle-shortening velocity and angular velocity was reported for all subjects (mean R 2 ϭ 0.97). The maximal shortening velocity (V Fmax) obtained during the no-load condition (NLc) ranged between 18.8 and 43.3 cm/s. V Fmax values were very close to those of the maximal shortening velocity (V max), which was extrapolated from the F-V curve (the Hill model). Angular velocity reached during the NLc was significantly correlated with this V Fmax (r ϭ 0.57; P Ͻ 0.001). This finding was in agreement with assumptions about the role of muscle fiber type, whereas interindividual comparisons clearly support the fact that other parameters may also contribute to performance during fast movements. Nevertheless, none of the biomechanical features considered in the present study were found to be directly related to the highest angular velocity, highlighting the complexity of the upstream mechanics that lead to maximalvelocity muscle contraction. maximal unloaded velocity; muscle-tendon unit; muscle mechanics; muscle architecture; stiffness; ultrasound THE CAPACITY OF HUMAN SKELETAL muscle to achieve maximal power production is functionally very important during ballistic movements such as sprinting or jumping. The maximal angular velocity an individual can produce represents one of the key determinants of this ability and hence of human performance in various explosive tasks such as a sprint while running or cycling (31, 57). In the literature, this ability to reach extreme angular velocities in unloaded conditions is related mainly to a higher proportion of fast-twitch fibers (5, 11, 56) or a longer fascicle length, or both, which implies a higher number of sarcomeres in series (9, 53). These considerations suggest that subjects who are able to produce high velocity at the joint level should also be able to develop high muscle fascicle-shortening velocity. Consequently, the muscleshortening velocity should be a key determinant of the ability to perform very-high-velocity movements.To our knowledge, no previous study has measured actual maximal fascicle-shortening velocity in vivo in humans. Although measurement of fascicle-shortening velocity is classically performed using ul...

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“…Their participants performed a single-legged jump and used their natural jumping techniques with no restriction on countermovement or use of the upper limbs. Motion of the upper limbs can affect the mechanical output of the lower limb joints [26][27][28][29][30] and thereby modify jump performance by increasing the control of balance and changing the orientation of the body at takeoff. 31 Moreover, Ernst et al 16 assessed the stretch-shortening cycle, whereas we focused only on the concentric contraction during the POP of a jump.…”

Section: Joint Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion Alterations After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparison of the Injured and Uninjured Lower Limbs During a Single-Legged Jump

Fontenay

Argaud

Blache

et al. 2014

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Asymmetries subsist after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R), and it is unclear how lower limb motion is altered in the context of a dynamic movement.Objective: To highlight the alterations observed in the injured limb (IL) during the performance of a dynamic movement after ACL-R.Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 11 men (age ¼ 23.3 6 3.8 years, mass ¼ 81.2 6 17.0 kg) who underwent ACL-R took part in this study 7.3 6 1.1 months (range ¼ 6-9 months) after surgery.Intervention(s): Kinematic and kinetic analyses of a singlelegged squat jump were performed. The uninjured leg (UL) was used as the control variable.Main Outcome Measure(s): Kinematic and kinetic variables.Results: Jump height was 24% less for the IL than the UL (F 1,9 ¼ 23.3, P ¼ .001), whereas the push-off phase duration was similar for both lower limbs (P ¼ .96). Knee-joint extension (F 1,9 ¼ 11.4, P ¼ .009), and ankle plantar flexion (F 1,9 ¼ 22.6, P ¼ .001) were less at takeoff for the IL than the UL. The hip angle at takeoff was not different between lower limbs (P ¼ .09). We found that total moment was 14% less (F 1,9 ¼ 11.1, P ¼ .01) and total power was 35% less (F 1,9 ¼ 24.2, P ¼ .001) for the IL than the UL. Maximal hip (P ¼ .09) and knee (P ¼ .21) power was not different between legs. The IL had 34% less maximal ankle power (F 1,9 ¼ 11.3, P ¼ .009) and 31% less angular velocity of ankle plantar flexion (F 1,9 ¼ 17.8, P ¼ .004) than the UL.Conclusions: At 7.3 months after ACL-R, motion alterations were present in the IL, leading to a decrease in dynamic movement performance. Enhancing the tools for assessing articular and muscular variables during a multijoint movement would help to individualize rehabilitation protocols after ACL-R.Key Words: knee, dynamic movement, hop test, rehabilitation Key PointsKinematic and kinetic alterations were demonstrated in the injured leg at 7.3 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. These alterations led to decreased jump height during a single-legged squat jump in the injured leg. Enhancing tools for assessing articular and muscular variables during a multijoint movement would help to individualize rehabilitation protocols after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

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The effect of arm swing on lower extremities in vertical jumping

Cited by 102 publications

References 9 publications

Determinants of countermovement jump performance: a kinetic and kinematic analysis

Determinants of countermovement jump performance: a kinetic and kinematic analysis

In vivo maximal fascicle-shortening velocity during plantar flexion in humans

Motion Alterations After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparison of the Injured and Uninjured Lower Limbs During a Single-Legged Jump

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