The Effect of an Experimental 4% TiF₄Varnish Compared to NaF Varnishes and 4% TiF₄Solution on Dental Erosion in vitro

Abstract

This in vitro study assessed the effect of an experimental 4% TiF₄ varnish compared to commercial NaF and NaF/CaF₂ varnishes and 4% TiF₄ solution on enamel erosion. For this, 72 bovine enamel specimens were randomly allocated to the following treatments: NaF varnish(2.26% F), NaF/CaF₂ varnish (5.63% F), 4% TiF₄ varnish (2.45% F), F-free placebo varnish, 4% TiF₄solution (2.45% F) and control (not treated). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and removed after 6 h. The solution was applied to the enamel surface for 1 min. Then, the specimens were alternately de- and remineralized (6 times/day) in an artificial mouth for 5 days at 37°C. Demineralization was performed with the beverage Sprite (1 min, 3 ml/min) and remineralization with artificial saliva (day: 59 min, 0.5 ml/min; during the night: 0.1 ml/min). The mean daily increment of erosion and the cumulative erosion data were tested using ANOVA and ANCOVA, respectively, followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The mean daily erosion increments and cumulative erosion (micrometers) were significantly less for the TiF₄ varnish (0.30 ± 0.11/0.65 ± 0.75) than for the NaF varnish (0.58 ± 0.11/1.47 ± 1.07) or the NaF/CaF₂ varnish (0.62 ± 0.10/1.68 ± 1.17), which in turn showed significantly less erosion than the placebo varnish (0.78 ± 0.12/2.05 ± 1.43), TiF₄ solution (0.86 ± 0.11/ 2.05 ± 1.49) and control (0.77 ± 0.16/2.06 ± 1.49). In conclusion, the TiF₄ varnish seems to be a promising treatment to reduce enamel loss under mild erosive conditions.

Protective effect of calcium nanophosphate and CPP-ACP agents on enamel erosion

“…Figures 1A and 2A showed that the enamel demineralization caused by the cola beverage involved mainly the inner area of the prism, and created a honeycomb-like structure, as described by Poggio et al 10 The varnish was removed after 24 h to simulate in vivo conditions (a single professional application was made every 7 days), as used in other in vitro studies. 12,16,17 The fluoride varnish may have reacted chemically with the enamel during the first 24 h, but this reaction was not enough to reduce the enamel loss caused by the erosive attack. Figure 2B shows a rough and eroded surface with no formation of a protective layer for the varnish group, visualized as a honeycomb-like demineralized enamel structure (Figure 2A).…”

“…14 The fluoride varnish was applied only once, just before the erosive challenge, to simulate a clinical situation. 12,16,17 Hardness assessment…”

TiF4 and NaF at pH 1.2 but not at pH 3.5 are able to reduce dentin erosion

“…The fact that dentin erosion was reduced more efficiently than in the present study to approximately 25-30% of the control might be explained by the duration and frequency of application of the solutions (5 min daily). 16 In the present experiment, the fluoride solutions were applied only once for 60 s as done in previous studies 30,31 to simulate a realistic application time under clinical conditions.…”

Effect of Titanium Tetrafluoride and Amine Fluoride Treatment Combined with Carbon Dioxide Laser Irradiation on Enamel and Dentin Erosion

“…1 However, even though TiF 4 was shown to be more effective to prevent erosive demineralisation than sodium, stannous or amine fluoride, 2-5 most studies found that TiF 4 is not able to protect enamel erosion completely. [5][6][7][8] Previous experiments showed that CO 2 laser irradiation induced a melting and recrystallinization process resulting in an increased acid resistance of dental hard tissues. [9][10][11] Moreover, laser irradiation might be also an approach to increase the efficacy of different fluoride solutions, such as amine 12 or sodium fluoride, 13,14 to reduce acid demineralisation.…”