The effect of amodiaquine on some brain macromolecules of Wistar rats

Ekong, Moses B.; Igiri, AO; Ekanem, TB; Egwu, OA

doi:10.4314/ijbcs.v2i4.39762

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Other studies also showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol in the brain of Wistar rats on AQ and a greater degree of lipid peroxidation in malaria infected mice on AS/AQ treatment . These changes were attributed to the alteration in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defence systems which give rise to increased lipid peroxidation . The similar pattern of changes observed in the pregnant control with respect to reduction in serum transaminases and elevation in alkaline phosphatase level when compared with the nonpregnant control may just be physiological.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…also suggested a significantly increased lipid treatment peroxidation in pregnant and nonpregnant women with malaria who received treatment for malaria. Other studies also showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol in the brain of Wistar rats on AQ and a greater degree of lipid peroxidation in malaria infected mice on AS/AQ treatment . These changes were attributed to the alteration in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defence systems which give rise to increased lipid peroxidation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In other studies, a significant alteration in serum lipid profile indices was found in Wistar rats treated with AS/AQ combination. This was attributed to the increased lipid peroxidation from oxidative stress in the absence of malaria parasite in the rats . Studies by Akanbi et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the safety of non-fixed-dose combination of artesunate and amodiaquine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy: a nonrandomized open-label study

Iribhogbe

Igue

Odianosen

2017

J Pharm Health Serv Res

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Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the safety of the use of nonfixed-dose combination of artesunate (AS) and amodiaquine (AQ) in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy. In this regard, the focus was on the possible effects of the combination on biochemical and haematological parameters as well as other adverse drug reactions associated with the use of the drugs. Methods Ninety subjects were recruited from pregnant women on antenatal care visit to a busy hospital in Esan West Local Government Area, Edo State Nigeria. Fifty met the criteria for the diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria. They were placed on treatment with standard doses of AS 4 mg/kg and AQ 10 mg/kg daily for 3 days. Forty apparently healthy pregnant women and 30 nonpregnant women were used as control. Patients on AS + AQ combination were monitored closely for 28 days. Key findings There was a significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-C: 24.60 AE 1.20 mg/dl) in the test group (P < 0.05) when compared with pregnant control (27.57 AE 0.89 mg/dl) and a nonsignificant reduction (P > 0.05) in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-C: 83.55 AE 6.10 mg/dl) levels compared with control (87.82 AE 4.88 mg/dl). Additionally, there was a nonsignificant elevation (P > 0.05) of conjugated bilirubin in the test group (0.48 AE 0.06 mg/dl) when compared with pregnant control (0.40 AE 0.04 mg/dl). Changes in haemoglobin concentration (10.45 AE 0.23 g/dl) and packed cell volume (31.37 AE 0.70%) in patients treated with AS + AQ combination were not significant compared with pregnant control (10.18 AE 0.27 g/dl and 31.17 AE 0.55% respectively). Alkaline phosphatase (120.27 AE 7.81 IU/l) was not significantly elevated (P > 0.05) in patients treated with AS + AQ combination compared with pregnant control (117.81 AE 10.61 IU/l). Conclusion We conclude that the use of this combination is safe and well tolerated in pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum malaria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Assessment of the safety of non-fixed-dose combination of artesunate and amodiaquine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy: a nonrandomized open-label study

Iribhogbe

Igue

Odianosen

2017

J Pharm Health Serv Res

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“…Artesunateamodiaquine combination was the least prescribed ACT and was recommended only in the private health facility. Howbeit, its use was very low and this may not be unrelated to factors such as adverse effects such as described by Ekong et al (2008) who reported effects of amodiaquine on the brain macromolecules of Wistar rats. ACTs became the mainstay of antimalarial therapy following global reports of resistance to previously used antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of antimalarial prescription pattern and susceptibility of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> isolates in Kaduna, Nigeria

Akanni¹,

Ehinmidu²,

Bolaji³

2020

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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Nigeria carries the highest burden of malaria in terms of morbidity and mortality. This is compounded by continuous resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs. This study was designed to evaluate the profile of malaria patients’ antimalarial drug prescription and in vitro susceptibility of P. falciparum isolates to commonly prescribed antimalarial drugs in Kaduna, Nigeria. Three years’ records of patients antimalarial drug prescriptions were collated (2013 to 2015) and the in vitro antimalarial agent susceptibility was determined for 28 clinical isolates using WHO Mark III microtest. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) was the most prescribed antimalarial for the period under review (92.3-93.7%). Among the ACTs, Artemether-lumefantrine was most prescribed. Of the 28 P. falciparum isolates evaluated, 3 (10.71%) were resistant to chloroquine with a median IC50 of 4.82μM (4.60-8.14μM), while five (17.86%) were resistant to mefloquine with a median IC50 of 25μM (10.3-41μM), 7(25.00%) to artemether with a median IC50 of 2.69μM (2.09-8.77μM), 9 (32.14%) to artesunate-mefloquine combination with a median IC50 of 9.0μM (7.98-35μM) and to artesunate, 11(39.29%) were resistant with a median IC50 of 2.4μM (1.56-5.65μM). This result shows a decline in resistance of P. falciparum to chloroquine compared to period prior to artemisinin-combination therapy as well as reduced susceptibility to artesunate and artemether. Further in vitro and in vivo monitoring will be required to inform antimalarial drug policy change.Keywords: Antimalarial, Artemisinin-combination therapy, resistance, susceptibility, microtest.

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“…Amodiaquine, along with related 4-aminoquinolines such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, was originally developed for the treatment of malaria [42], and like chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, possesses widespread anatomical volume of distribution, including eyes and brain [43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Antiviral compound penetrance into the CNS and/or ocular compartments is particularly relevant in the case of FIPV-infected cats with neurologic and/or ocular involvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rational approach to identifying effective combined anticoronaviral therapies against feline coronavirus

Cook

Vogel

Castillo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractFeline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by a genetic mutant of feline enteric coronavirus known as FIPV, is a highly fatal disease of cats with no currently available vaccine or FDA-approved cure. Dissemination of FIPV in affected cats results in a range of clinical signs including cavitary effusions, anorexia, fever and lesions of pyogranulomatous vasculitis and peri-vasculitis with or without central nervous system and/or ocular involvement. There is a critical need for effective and approved antiviral therapies against coronaviruses including FIPV and zoonotic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19. With regards to SARS-CoV-2, preliminary evidence suggests that there may be potential clinical and pathological overlap with feline coronaviral disease including enteric and neurological involvement in some cases. We have screened 89 putative antiviral compounds and have identified 25 compounds with antiviral activity against FIPV, representing a variety of drug classes and mechanisms of antiviral action. Based upon successful combination treatment strategies for human patients with HIV or hepatitis C virus infections, we have identified combinations of drugs targeting different steps of the FIPV life cycle resulting in synergistic antiviral effect. Translationally, we suggest that a combined anticoronaviral therapy (cACT) with multiple mechanisms of action and penetration of all potential anatomic sites of viral infection should be applied towards other challenging to treat coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV-2.Author summaryWe have screened 89 compounds in vitro for antiviral activity against FIPV. The putative antiviral activity of these compounds was either purported to be a direct effect on viral proteins involved in viral replication or an indirect inhibitory effect on normal cellular pathways usurped by FIPV to aid viral replication. Twenty-five of these compounds were found to have significant antiviral activity. Certain combinations of these compounds were determined to be superior to monotherapy alone.

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The effect of amodiaquine on some brain macromolecules of Wistar rats

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Assessment of the safety of non-fixed-dose combination of artesunate and amodiaquine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy: a nonrandomized open-label study

Assessment of the safety of non-fixed-dose combination of artesunate and amodiaquine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy: a nonrandomized open-label study

Evaluation of antimalarial prescription pattern and susceptibility of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> isolates in Kaduna, Nigeria

A rational approach to identifying effective combined anticoronaviral therapies against feline coronavirus

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