The EFFECT OF ALPHA-MANGOSTIN IN BALANCING THE RATIO OF CYTOKINES PRO-AND ANTI-INFLAMMATION-GAMMA (IFN-γ/IL-10) AND SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE IN MICE INFECTED WITH MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was observed to measure the effect of alpha-mangostin in balancing the ratio of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and the severity of the disease in mice which infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis multidrug-resistant (TB-MDR).Method: Infected BALB/c mice were consisted of five groups: Treated with anti-TB drugs+α-mangostin, treated with anti-TB drugs, given α-mangostin during treatment, and control group. Cytokine levels of culture supernatant of spleen cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The number of bacterial colonies was derived from a primary cell culture of bronchoalveolar lavage. Statistical analysis was performed with Anova, Kruskal-Wallis test and correlation Pearson, and Spearman-rank test.Result: Median IFN-γ production was higher in mice, which given with α-mangostin during treatment is 1838.2 pg/ml and control is 1585.5 pg/ml compared treated with anti-TB drugs+α-mangostin (1312 pg/ml) and anti-TB drugs (1429.3 pg/ml) (p>0.05). The highest result production of median IL-10 in the 3 th group is (465.91 pg/ml) and the lowest in the control group is 195.29 pg/ml, p>0.05. Median IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio of the 3 th group very low (3.94), it means the 3 th group is experienced with severity of TB. Alpha-mangostin was decreased in severity of disease based on the number of TB-MDR bacterial colonies (p≤0.05).Conclusion: α-mangostin have an effect on the balancing IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio and reduce a severity of TB-MDR with using immunomodulator.

Identification of Drug-Related Problems in Adults With Tuberculosis at the Tebet Subdistrict Health Center From July to December 2018

“…In 2017, 87% of new TB cases occurred in 30 countries and >95% cases of TB-infected individuals in developing countries such as India, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and South Africa [2]. Indonesia, with 842,000 cases, is the third country with the highest number of cases of TB worldwide after India and China [2][3][4][5].…”

“…The compliance with medication intake in patients infected with TB and with other diseases is challenging, leading to multidrug-or rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB (Multidrug resistance [MDR]/RR-TB) [4,5]. Some reasons for this include failure in dose use, indiscipline, and drug interaction with other medicines [6].…”

Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Xanthone-Loaded Making (Hodgsonia Heteroclita) Microemulsions

“…The extract from the fruit rind of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) which belongs to family Guttiferae, is popularly added in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products for various effects due to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of the extract [1][2][3]. The bioactive components found in the extract are tannins and xanthones, mainly α-mangostin [4][5][6][7].…”