The Effect of Airborne Particles on Human Body Fluids

Penconek, Agata; Michalczuk, Urszula; Moskal, Arkadiusz

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39867-5_32

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Recent work [32] has suggested that interactions between microand nanoparticles and erythrocytes are crucial for blood's rheological properties. Fluids with low mucin concentrations, like saliva or tears [37], behave like typical suspensions, while the behaviors of fluids with high protein concentrations are much more complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Microplastic Particles on the Rheological Properties of Human Saliva and Mucus

Przekop,

Michalczuk,

Penconek

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Pollution by plastic microparticles is rising rapidly. One avenue of human exposure to nanoparticles is through inhalation. The main source of microplastics in indoor environments, leading to unintended inhalation, is synthetic fabric used in clothing. Other sources include curtains, carpets, furniture, wall paints, and floor finishes. Occupational exposure is particularly significant in waste management and recycling operations, during exposure to high heat, during high-energy treatment of polymer composites, and during 3D printing. In outdoor environments, exposure can happen through breathing in contaminated aerosols from ocean waves or airborne particles from dried wastewater treatments. Airborne particles affect human health in various ways, including via direct interactions with the epithelium and its mucus layer after deposition in the mouth and respiratory system. Exposure due to the ingestion of microplastics present in various environmental compartments may occur either directly or indirectly via the food chain or drinking water. This study aimed to determine the effects of plastic microparticles on the rheology of mucus and saliva, and, thus, their functioning. The experiments used artificial mucus, saliva, and plastic nanoparticles (namely, PS—polystyrene and PE—polyethylene). The rheological properties of saliva and mucus were determined via the use of an oscillatory rheometer at various temperatures (namely, 36.6 °C and 40 °C, which correspond to healthy and ill humans). The results were compared with those obtained for pure saliva and mucus. An increase in apparent viscosity was observed for saliva, which is behavior typical of for solid particle suspensions in liquids. In contrast, for mucus, the effect was the opposite. The influence of the presence of the particles on the parameters of the constitutive viscosity equations was studied. Plastic micro- and nanoparticles in the saliva and mucus may interfere with their physiological functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Microplastic Particles on the Rheological Properties of Human Saliva and Mucus

Przekop,

Michalczuk,

Penconek

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Their main difference is the chemical composition and the aggregates' size in the air. Our previous study [32] showed that the amount of PAH on the DEPs 1 surface is 153.3 µg/g, while it is 104.5 µg/g for DEPs 2. The difference in aggregates' mean diameter in the air is irrelevant in this case because the aggregates were suspended in water, and the diameter in the water was very similar.…”

Section: The Effect Of Deps On Saliva Rheologymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Penconek et al [32] have used diesel exhaust particles (DEP) as an example of exogenous anthropogenic particles. The results showed an unexpected decrease in the saliva model's apparent viscosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Exogenous Particles on Saliva Rheology

Penconek,

Przekop,

Michalczuk

et al. 2024

Processes

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous nanoparticles on the rheological properties of artificial saliva. There are four reasons for undertaking this type of research: Firstly, the number of solid particles of various origins present in the air is still high. Secondly, nanoparticles (including silver and gold nanoparticles) are increasingly used in food packaging and can migrate into food. Thirdly, saliva is the first biological fluid that comes into contact with exogenous particles. Finally, the function of saliva is also closely related to its rheological properties. Due to the remarkable properties of nano-objects, nanoparticles of various origins in the body may cause effects that have not been realised until now. Therefore, each type of nanoparticle must be tested in terms of its impact on the body/body fluid. We used silver and gold nanoparticles because they are used in the food industry, and diesel exhaust particles because they are standard components of air pollution. The effect of various nanoparticles (e.g., their size and shape) on the rheology of saliva at two temperatures was investigated. The constants of the power law constitutive equation were also estimated. Studies showing the impact of nanoparticles on the rheology of body fluids are rare because it is one of the less obvious ways of their affecting the human body. However, the results show that nanoparticles are not neutral to the biological fluid, which may translate into a change in its properties and thus disturb its functions.

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Effect of Microplastics Particles on the Rheological Properties of Human Saliva and Mucus

Przekop¹,

Michalczuk²,

Penconek³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The level of air pollution by nano and microparticles raises rapidly. One of the methods of human exposure to nanoparticles is through inhalation. Indoor environments contain airborne plastic particles, primarily from synthetic textiles, leading to unintended inhalation or occupational exposure. In outdoor environments, exposure could happen through breathing in contaminated aerosols from ocean waves or airborne fertilizer particles from dried wastewater treatments. Airborne particles affect human health in various ways and they also act directly on the epithelium and its mucus layer after deposition in the mouth and respiratory system. Exposure via ingestion to microplastics present in the various environmental compartments may occur either directly or indirectly via the food chain or drinking water. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of plastic microparticles on the rheology of mucus and saliva, and thus on their functioning. The artificial mucus and saliva, as and plastic nanoparticles (namely PS – polystyrene and PE - polyethylene) were used in experiments. The rheological properties of saliva and mucus were determined with the use of an oscillatory rheometer, at various temperatures (namely 36.6 C and 40 C, what corresponds to the case of healthy and ill human) The results were compared with those obtained for pure saliva and mucus. The influence of the presence of the particles on the parameters of the constituitive viscosity equations was studied. The presence of plastic micro- and nanoparticles in the saliva and mucus may interfere with their physiological functions.

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The Effect of Airborne Particles on Human Body Fluids

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Microplastic Particles on the Rheological Properties of Human Saliva and Mucus

Effect of Microplastic Particles on the Rheological Properties of Human Saliva and Mucus

The Influence of Exogenous Particles on Saliva Rheology

Effect of Microplastics Particles on the Rheological Properties of Human Saliva and Mucus

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