The effect of addition of chromate on the hydrogen evolution reaction and on iron oxidation in hydroxide and chlorate solutions

Cornell, Ann; Lindbergh, Göran; Simonsson, Daniel

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(92)85093-z

Cited by 41 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For instance, for a long time it was believed that the reduction of chromate yields a hydrated Cr(OH) 3 film on platinum and gold [15] electrodes, but recently Hatch and Gewirth [20] determined with in situ Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) that the structure of chromate electrochemically reduced on gold is in fact a Cr 2 O 3 thin film. In addition, a dual composition of the film had also been reported, with an inner Cr 2 O 3 -like structure covered by an outer Cr(OH) 3 film [9,30].…”

Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Electrochemical Investigation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Electrodeposited Films of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 in Mild Alkaline Solutions

et al. 2017

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The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water reduction is the main cathodic reaction in the sodium chlorate process. The reaction typically takes place on electrodes covered with a Cr(III) oxide-like film formed in situ by reduction of sodium dichromate in order to avoid reduction of hypochlorite and thereby increase the selectivity for the HER. However, the chemical structure of the Cr(III) oxide-like film is still under debate. In the present work, the kinetics of the HER were studied using titanium electrodes covered with electrodeposited Cr(OH) 3 or Cr 2 O 3 , which were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. A clear difference in the morphology of the deposited surfaces was obtained, and the structure could be revealed with Raman spectroscopy. The kinetics for the HER were investigated using potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques. The results show that the first electron transfer is rate limiting and that the activity decreases in the order Cr 2 O 3 @Ti > bare Ti > Cr(OH) 3 @Ti. The low activity obtained for Cr(OH) 3 @Ti is discussed in terms of the involvement of structural water in the HER and the slow ligand exchange rate for water in Cr(III) complexes, while the high activity obtained for Cr 2 O 3 @Ti is rationalized by a surface area effect in combination with reduction of surface water and water in solution.

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Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The electrochemical and chemical reactions yielding chlorate have been well described in the literature [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The main half reactions are the cathodic reduction of water (Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Investigation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Electrodeposited Films of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 in Mild Alkaline Solutions

et al. 2017

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“…The formation of a film on the cathode surface due to electroreduction of chromate has been found to suppress cathodic reduction of C10-, Fe(CN) 3-and O2(aq) while hydrogen evolution remains largely unaffected. This is explained by formation of a Cr(OH)3.xH20 film which is permeable to hydrogen ions but impermeable to some other species [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical reduction of nickel ions from dilute solutions

Njau

Janssen

1995

J Appl Electrochem

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Electrochemical reduction of nickel ions in dilute solution using a divided GBC-cell is of interest for purification of waste waters. A typical solution to be treated is the effluent from steel etching processes which contain low quantities of nickel, chromate and chromium ions. Reduction of chromate in a divided GBC-cell results in effluent containing Cr 3+ ions. This paper examines the limitations to further treatment of the effluent by electrochemical reduction of nickel ions. Nickel current efficiency has been determined by varying temperature, pH, current density and concentration of supporting electrolyte. It was found that the presence of a complexing agent, e.g. NH~-is necessary. To deposit nickel, complete removal of Cr 3+ ions from the solution is inevitable. Optimum nickel current efficiencies are obtained at pH 5 and current density 10 mA cm -2.

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“…For a long time, mercury has been employed in the alkaline manganese batteries, since it is the most useful additive to the zinc anode material for suppressing hydrogen gas evolution that is caused by self-discharge reactions [7][8][9][10]. Due to environmental concerns, however, a much recent research has been carried out to diminish the content of mercury in the zinc powder.…”

Section: Zn(oh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Hydrogen Formation with Calcium Hydroxide on Zinc Electrode of Film-type Manganese Battery

Yun¹,

Kim²,

Hong³

et al. 2015

Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials

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A manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) layer and zinc (Zn) layer are used as the cathode and the anode to develop filmtype manganese battery, in which a stack of a MnO 2 layer, gel electrolyte, and Zn layer are sandwiched between two plastic layers. This paper describes the chemical equation of swelling control upon the film-type manganese battery. We examined the reduction of hydrogen formation, by using calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 as an additive in the electrolyte of film-type manganese battery. The phenomena or an effect of reduced hydrogen gas was proven by cyclic voltammogram, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and volume of hydrogen formation. The amount of H 2 gas generation in the presence of Ca 2+ ion was reduced from 4.81 to 4.15 cc/g-zinc (14%), and the corrosion of zinc electrode in the electrolyte was strongly inhibited as time passed.

show abstract

The effect of addition of chromate on the hydrogen evolution reaction and on iron oxidation in hydroxide and chlorate solutions

Cited by 41 publications

References 16 publications

Electrochemical Investigation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Electrodeposited Films of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 in Mild Alkaline Solutions

Electrochemical Investigation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Electrodeposited Films of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 in Mild Alkaline Solutions

Electrochemical reduction of nickel ions from dilute solutions

Inhibition of Hydrogen Formation with Calcium Hydroxide on Zinc Electrode of Film-type Manganese Battery

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