The effect of acute unilateral inflammation of the equine temporomandibular joint on the kinematics of mastication

Smyth, Travis T.; Carmalt, James L.; Treen, Tanner T.; Lanovaz, Joel L.

doi:10.1111/evj.12452

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Limitations of the current study include the lack of a clinical history (specifically as it relates to mastication and the TMJ); the lack of an oral examination and assessment of temporal and masseter mass to attempt to quantify the clinical effects of the intra-articular disc perforations; and the use of thawed, previously frozen cadaver heads. However, given that horses with TMJ abnormalities may not show any localizing clinical signs ( 15 , 29 ), it is possible that the horses with disc pathology had painful, or had altered mastication, which was not appreciated by the caregivers. Furthermore, the objectives of the study were to report on the frequency of TMJ joint compartment communication in our population of horses, and not to determine the effect of that pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frequency of Communication Between the Synovial Compartments of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint: A Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomographic Assessment

Pimentel

Carmalt

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Background: There is conflicting evidence regarding communication between the two compartments of the equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Understanding the inter-relationship between TMJ compartments is critical for diagnostic and clinical management purposes.Objective: To determine the frequency of communication between the discotemporal joint (DTJ) and the discomandibular joint (DMJ) of the equine TMJ in horses free of overt disease.Study Design: A randomized, blinded, controlled cadaveric study.Methods: Equine cadaver heads (n = 20), with no reported history of potential TMJ disease, were collected and stored frozen until use. Horses were randomized to the treatment group, such that Group A horses (n = 10) underwent arthrocentesis of the left DTJ and the right DMJ compartments, while Group B (n = 10) underwent arthrocentesis of the left DMJ and the right DTJ compartments of the TMJ, for a total of 40 joints. Computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed before, and after, intra-articular injection of contrast media in each head. Two observers, blinded to the treatment group, independently interpreted CT images.Results: Communication between synovial compartments occurred in the left TMJ of two horses. Arthroscopic evaluation revealed that both horses had a perforation of the intra-articular disc in the region of the caudomedial fibrous expansion. Mild anterior displacement of the abnormal disc in the joint of one horse was demonstrated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Main Limitations: Sample size, the use of owner provided animals' history, and frozen specimens.Conclusions: No physiological communication was present between the DTJ and the DMJ in the equine TMJ of the cases studied, regardless of which compartment underwent arthrocentesis. Two joints had pathological communications. These results suggest that diagnostic, and medical, treatment of intra-articular disease may be most effective when both joint compartments are injected. Furthermore, this study illustrates the value of contrast enhancement while imaging the equine TMJ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frequency of Communication Between the Synovial Compartments of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint: A Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomographic Assessment

Pimentel

Carmalt

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Both the direction and the range of rotational and translational movements have been quantified (Bonin et al, 2006). This technique also enabled examinations focused on the influence of different feeds (Bonin et al, 2007), dental corrections (Simhofer et al, 2011) and the effect of acute unilateral TMJ inflammation (Smyth et al, 2015b) on the kinematics of the TMJ. Additionally, masticatory forces have been estimated by placing force sensors on the second and third premolars (Staszyk et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint: Collagen fiber texture of the articular surfaces

Adams

Schulz‐Kornas

Arzi

et al. 2016

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Osteoarthritis (OA) stands out as the most prevalent degenerative disease affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), manifesting spontaneously in humans [ 1 ] and various animal species, such as mice [ 2 , 3 ], guinea pigs [ 4 ], and horses [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. TMJ OA is characterized as a chronic disease marked by degenerative alterations in cartilage, accompanied by reparative processes in the surrounding tissues [ 1 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Models of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Review of Feasibility, Biomarkers, and Molecular Signaling

Jasiński,

Turek,

Kaczorowski

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) occurs spontaneously in humans and various animal species, including horses. In humans, obtaining tissue samples is challenging and clinical symptoms appear late in the disease progression. Therefore, genetically modified, induced, and naturally occurring animal models play a crucial role in understanding the pathogenesis and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions for TMJ OA. Among the naturally occurring models, the equine TMJ OA model is characterized by slow, age-related progression, a wide range of clinical examinations, and imaging modalities that can be performed on horses, as well as easy tissue and synovial fluid collection. The morphological and functional similarities of TMJ structures in both species make the equine model of TMJ OA an excellent opportunity to track disease progression and response to treatment. However, much work remains to be carried out to determine the utility of human TMJ OA biomarkers in horses. Among the main TMJ OA biomarkers, IL-1, IL-6, TGF-β, TNF-α, and PGE2 have been recently investigated in the equine model. However, the majority of biomarkers for cartilage degradation, chondrocyte hypertrophy, angiogenesis, and TMJ overload—as well as any of the main signaling pathways—have not been studied so far. Therefore, it would be advisable to focus further research on equine specimens, considering both mediators and signaling.

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The effect of acute unilateral inflammation of the equine temporomandibular joint on the kinematics of mastication

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

The Frequency of Communication Between the Synovial Compartments of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint: A Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomographic Assessment

The Frequency of Communication Between the Synovial Compartments of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint: A Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomographic Assessment

Functional anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint: Collagen fiber texture of the articular surfaces

Equine Models of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Review of Feasibility, Biomarkers, and Molecular Signaling

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