The effect of acute exercise on cigarette cravings while using a nicotine lozenge

Tritter, Amelia; Fitzgeorge, Lyndsay; Prapavessis, Harry

doi:10.1007/s00213-015-3887-0

Cited by 17 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Numerous recent studies conducted in male and female smokers have demonstrated that exercise during abstinence reduces craving, anxiety, and negative affect and increases positive mood (Table 1; 12–17; for meta-analysis see 8). Similar effects of exercise have been reported in numerous recent studies conducted in men and women with other substance use disorders (18–20; for meta-analyses see 9,58).…”

Section: Overview Of Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is surprising considering that sex differences are recognized both for withdrawal symptoms in individuals with substance use disorder (e.g., 61–62), and for effects of exercise on negative affect in general populations of women and men (63–64). Of the few recent studies that have considered sex differences (12–13,17), and only one study reported sex-specific analyses (13). This study was conducted in temporarily abstinent smokers, and showed that in women, but not men, acute exercise decreased anticipated relief from negative affect; whereas, in men, but not women, it decreased intention to smoke (13).…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise as a Sex-Specific Treatment for Substance Use Disorder

et al. 2017

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Purpose of Review Exercise is a promising treatment for substance use disorder that may reduce withdrawal symptoms and prevent relapse. In this review, we discuss recent evidence from clinical and preclinical studies for its efficacy, from a behavioral to a molecular level, in order to understand the exercise conditions that lead to beneficial effects. We also highlight the few recent findings of sex-specific differences. Recent Findings Clinical and preclinical findings show that exercise decreases withdrawal symptoms, including craving, in both males and females. Evidence from clinical studies support the efficacy of exercise to prevent relapse to smoking, although further research is needed to examine sex differences, establish long-term efficacy, and to determine if effects extend to other substance use disorders. Preclinical findings also support the potential utility of exercise to prevent relapse with evidence suggesting that its efficacy is enhanced in males, and mediated by blocking drug-induced adaptations that occur during early abstinence. Summary Sex differences and timing of exercise availability during abstinence should be considered in future studies examining exercise as an intervention for relapse. A better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of exercise to reduce withdrawal symptoms and prevent relapse is needed to guide its development as a sex-specific treatment.

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Section: Overview Of Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as a Sex-Specific Treatment for Substance Use Disorder

et al. 2017

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“…Post-leisure exercise also could not be discriminated by smoking status or the interaction of treatment group by smoking status. There was, however, a significant time effect indicating that all participants increased their post-leisure exercise from baseline, and this increase approached the bottom range of MET units per week (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) [58] and lower end of energy expenditure (1000 kcal per week) [59] for achieving some health benefit. Overall, these findings are consistent with other similar trials that have yet to demonstrate an effective approach to increasing postintervention exercise in a way that may impact smoking cessation [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They include hypotheses such as changes in stress and activation [13]; positive and negative affect [11,14]; cognitive to somatic thoughts [15]; and cortisol [16,17], catecholamines and heart rate variability [16]. These mechanisms are different to those of NRT and, through extension, suggest that exercise can provide further craving and withdrawal relief during a quit attempt involving NRT [18,19]. Exercise also has been shown to have a positive effect on other factors that may protect against smoking relapse, including coping with stress [19,20], depression [21] and general fatigue and sleep disturbances [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These mechanisms are different to those of NRT and, through extension, suggest that exercise can provide further craving and withdrawal relief during a quit attempt involving NRT [18,19]. Exercise also has been shown to have a positive effect on other factors that may protect against smoking relapse, including coping with stress [19,20], depression [21] and general fatigue and sleep disturbances [22][23][24]. NRT is not designed to influence these factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Exercise to Enhance Smoking Cessation: the Getting Physical on Cigarette Randomized Control Trial

et al. 2016

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Exercise interventions for smoking cessation

Ussher

Faulkner

Angus

et al. 2019

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Taking regular exercise may help people give up smoking by moderating nicotine withdrawal and cravings, and by helping to manage weight gain. Objectives To determine whether exercise-based interventions alone, or combined with a smoking cessation programme, are more effective than a smoking cessation intervention alone. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register in April 2014, and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Plus in May 2014. Selection criteria We included randomized trials which compared an exercise programme alone, or an exercise programme as an adjunct to a cessation programme, with a cessation programme (which we considered the control in this review). Studies were required to recruit smokers or recent quitters and have a follow-up of six months or more. Studies that did not meet the full inclusion criteria because they only assessed the acute effects of exercise on smoking behaviour, or because the outcome was smoking reduction, are summarised but not formally included. Data collection and analysis We extracted data on study characteristics and smoking outcomes. Because of differences between studies in the characteristics of the interventions used we summarized the results narratively, making no attempt at meta-analysis. We assessed risk of selection and attrition bias using standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. Main results We identified 20 trials with a total of 5,870 participants. The largest study was an internet trial with 2,318 participants, and eight trials had fewer than 30 people in each treatment arm. Studies varied in the timing and intensity of the smoking cessation and exercise programmes offered. Only one included study was judged to be at low risk of bias across all domains assessed. Four studies showed significantly higher abstinence rates in a physically active group versus a control group at end of treatment. One of these studies also showed a significant benefit for exercise versus control on abstinence at the three-month follow-up and a benefit for exercise of 1 Exercise interventions for smoking cessation (Review)

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The effect of acute exercise on cigarette cravings while using a nicotine lozenge

Abstract: These findings demonstrate that an acute bout of exercise provides additional craving relief to the nicotine lozenge in recently quit smokers. We recommend smokers who attempt to quit employ both cessation aids simultaneously to maximize reductions in cravings.

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Exercise as a Sex-Specific Treatment for Substance Use Disorder

Exercise as a Sex-Specific Treatment for Substance Use Disorder

Exercise to Enhance Smoking Cessation: the Getting Physical on Cigarette Randomized Control Trial

Exercise interventions for smoking cessation

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