The Effect of Acute Ethanol Intoxication on Salivary Proteins of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Waszkiewicz, Napoleon; Szajda, Sławomir Dariusz; Jankowska, Anna; Zwierz, Piotr; Czernikiewicz, Andrzej; Szulc, Agata; Zwierz, Krzysztof

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00613.x

Cited by 31 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…It has been reported that there is a reduction in the stimulated release of lactoferrin after acute in vitro effect of ethanol on neutrophils [22], a tendency towards an increase in serum lactoferrin concentration in alcohol dependent patients [14], and no effect of acute alcohol intoxication on salivary lactoferrin concentration [7]. The objective of the present study was to determine for the first time the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on the concentration and output of salivary lactoferrin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the World Health Organization criteria, the level of dental caries in subjects was determined using the DMFT index (decayed, missing or filled teeth; [7]). Gingival status was assessed using the gingival index (GI; Löe and Silness [23]) and papilla bleeding index (PBI; [24]).…”

Section: Data and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is secreted by the intercalated duct cells of salivary glands [7,13]. Lactoferrin is found on the surface of mucous membranes, in the granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, neutrophils, and in biological fluids such as milk, saliva, tears and seminal fluid [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lactoferrin has also antifungal, antiviral (prevents infection by binding to the host cell), antiparasitic (reduces the integrity of the parasite membrane and its interaction with host tissues, binds parasite nutrients i.e. iron cations), as well as immunomodulatory action (increases production of IL-1, IL-2, and increases activity of monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes and NK cells) and anti-inflammatory properties [7,17,20]. Lactoferrin is partially digested in the gastrointestinal tract by pepsin and trypsin to lactoferricin, a cationic peptide that exhibits antimicrobial activity in the lower gastrointestinal tract [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute local mucosa damage is reversible and proportional to the concentration of alcohol. Ethanol immediately diffuses into saliva and oral tissues, reaching in saliva and oral tissues higher concentrations than in plasma [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Acetaldehyde, the main metabolite of ethanol, also damages oral tissues [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decrease in salivary lactoferrin output in chronically intoxicated alcohol-dependent patients

Waszkiewicz

Zalewska-Szajda

Zalewska

et al. 2012

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Salivary lactoferrin is a glycoprotein involved in the elimination of pathogens and the prevention of massive overgrowth of microorganisms that affect oral and general health. A high concentration of lactoferrin in saliva is often considered to be a marker of damage to the salivary glands, gingivitis, or leakage through inflamed or damaged oral mucosa, infiltrated particularly by neutrophils. We conducted a study to determine the effect of chronic alcohol intoxication on salivary lactoferrin concentration and output. The study included 30 volunteers consisting of ten non-smoking male patients after chronic alcohol intoxication (group A), and 20 control nonsmoking male social drinkers (group C) with no history of alcohol abuse. Resting whole saliva was collected 24 to 48 hours after a chronic alcohol intoxication period. Lactoferrin was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For all participants, the DMFT index (decayed, missing, or filled teeth), gingival index (GI) and papilla bleeding index (PBI) were assessed. The differences between groups were evaluated using the Mann--Whitney U test. We noticed significantly decreased salivary flow (SF) in alcohol dependent patients after chronic alcohol intoxication (A), compared to the control group (C). Although there was no significant difference in salivary lactoferrin concentration between the alcohol dependent group A and the control group C, we found significantly decreased lactoferrin output in group A compared to group C. We found a significant correlation between the amount of daily alcohol use and a decrease in lactoferrin output. There was a significant increase in GI and a tendency of PBI to increase in group A compared to group C. We demonstrated that chronic alcohol intoxication decreases SF and lactoferrin output. The decreased lactoferrin output in persons chronically intoxicated by alcohol may be the result of lactoferrin exhaustion during drinking (due to its alcohol-related lower 249Alcohol and salivary lactoferrin

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%