The Effect of Acute Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Working Memory

Pontifex, Matthew B.; Hillman, Charles H.; Fernhall, Bo; Thompson, Kelli M.; Valentini, Teresa A.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181907d69

Cited by 304 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have found reaction time to be faster following exercise Davranche and McMorris [1] [4] [13]- [15] and caffeine consumption [7] [11] [16] [17]. Crowe, Leicht, and Spinks [18] examined the effects of caffeine consumption and anaerobic exercise, and found no differences in reaction time between groups which is consistent with the findings of the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…), resources are directed only to important brain centers, allowing us to focus on those tasks [3]. Pontifex, Hillman, Fernhall, Thompson, and Valentini [4] studied the effect of a 30-minute bout of running (at 60% -70% VO 2 max) on working memory, an aspect of executive control, in 21 young adults. Reaction time and accuracy were measured, and the results indicated shorter reaction time both immediately after exercise and 30 minutes after completion of exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Exercise and Caffeine on Cognitive Function in College Students

Shulder¹,

Hall²,

Miller³

2016

Health

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Exercise has widely been shown to improve cognition, potentially by making individuals more receptive to sensory stimulation or inhibiting irrelevant information. Caffeine, one of the world's most widely used stimulants, seems to have similar effects. It seems that both exercise and caffeine improve cognitive function separately, but little research has been done examining their combined effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of caffeine and exercise, independently and combined, on cognitive function. 20 healthy college students completed the study. These participants were low caffeine consumers. Each participant came to the lab 5 times. During the first session, they completed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine ventilatory threshold (VT). The following four sessions were test sessions involving supplementation and exercise. During these, each participant engaged in 30 minutes of cycling (at 90% VT) or 30 minutes of quiet reading after consuming either caffeine (at 4 mg/kg body weight) or a placebo. The Contingent Continuous Performance Task (CPT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Task were used to measure cognitive function and were completed 5 minutes and 20 minutes after exercise or quiet reading. There were no significant differences found for any variables tested, for condition effect, time effect or condition * time interaction, except for a significant time effect on false alarms on the Contingent CPT (p = 0.017). This study may have been limited by multiple variables including the population, executive function measures, caffeine dosage, or exercise prescription. These findings point to the need for future research to understand the changes in cognition from exercise and caffeine in combination. Future research may include looking at exercise at different intensities, different dosages of caffeine, or looking at the long-term cognitive effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Exercise and Caffeine on Cognitive Function in College Students

Shulder¹,

Hall²,

Miller³

2016

Health

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“…Furthermore, a meta-analysis by Chang, Labban, Gapin, and Etnier (2012) showed that acute bouts of exercise can have beneficial effects on cognitive tasks executed during, immediately after, or after a delay following the exercise. Short bouts of exercise affect cognitive processes by increasing response speed and accuracy (Tomporowski, 2003), improving working memory capacity (Pontifex, Hillman, Fernhall, Thompson, & Valentini, 2009), as well as improved performance on free-recall tasks (Coles & Tomporowski, 2008). For example, Drollette et al (2014) showed that, after 20 minutes of treadmill walking, preadolescent children had better performance on cognitive tasks gauging attention and inhibitory control compared with children who remained seated.…”

Section: Effects Of Whole-body Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Integrated Physical Exercises and Gestures on Preschool Children’s Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning

et al. 2015

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Research suggests that integrating human movement into a cognitive learning task can be effective for learning due to its cognitive and physiological effects. In this study, the learning effects of enacting words through whole-body movements (i.e., physical exercise) and part-body movements (i.e., gestures) were investigated in a foreign language vocabulary task. Participants were 111 preschool children of 15 childcare centers, who were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Participants had to learn 14 Italian words in a 4-week teaching program. They were tested on their memory for the words during, directly after, and 6 weeks after the program. In the integrated physical exercise condition, children enacted the actions indicated by the words to be learned in physical exercises. In the non-integrated physical exercise condition children performed physical exercises at the same intensity, but unrelated to the learning task. In the gesturing condition, children enacted the actions indicated by the words to be learned by gesturing while remaining seated. In the conventional condition, children verbally repeated the words while remaining seated. Results confirmed the main hypothesis, indicating that children in the integrated physical exercise condition achieved the highest learning outcomes. Implications of integrated physical exercise programs for preschool children's cognition and health are discussed. AbstractResearch suggests that integrating human movement into a cognitive learning task can

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“…fluid functions, after 6 months 3 times per week and 45 minutes per session. Acute effects of exercise on the working memory were also shown already 30 minutes after the exercise (Pontifex et al 2009). There are a number of mechanisms which are involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on cognition.…”

Section: General Factors Affecting Cognitive Functions In Agingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neurocognition of aging in working environments

Gajewski

Falkenstein

2011

ZAF

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Aging is accompanied by changes in sensory, motor and cognitive functions. Particularly, a high status of socalled fluid cognitive functions is crucial for the employability at an older age. This status, which can be assessed by psychometric and neuroimaging methods, depends on a number of factors like physical constitution, nutrition, education and work demands. This paper systematically analyses factors affecting cognitive functions in aging and reviews current neuroscientific findings regarding training induced neuronal plasticity and compensation of cognitive declines in aging. In the second part the relationship between cognitive functions and the type of work will be discussed and the project PFIFF presented as an example for transfer of neuroscientific basic research to an applied context that aimed at ameliorating and evaluating age-and job-related cognitive deficits. The results of the first project period showed that cognitive decline, as revealed in behavior and brain wave data, may be accelerated by long-lasting unchallenging work and, hence, may occur already in middle age. In the second part of PFIFF a 3-month program consisting of a supervised cognitive training was implemented in a group of 120 assembly-line employees. Before and after the training

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The Effect of Acute Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Working Memory

Abstract: These data extend the current knowledge base by indicating that acute exercise-induced changes in cognition are disproportionately related to executive control and may be specific to the aerobic exercise domain.

Cited by 304 publications

References 36 publications

The Influence of Exercise and Caffeine on Cognitive Function in College Students

The Influence of Exercise and Caffeine on Cognitive Function in College Students

Effects of Integrated Physical Exercises and Gestures on Preschool Children’s Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning

Neurocognition of aging in working environments

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