“…Consequently, natural fibres have been subjected to various forms of surface treatment to enhance their hydrodynamic wettability, thermodynamic miscibility, and interfacial bond strength before being employed as reinforcements in polymer composites (Liu et al 2019). The use of chemicals is the commonest method that has been used to treat the surfaces of natural fibres processes (Obi Reddy et al 2012, Kumar et al 2018, Liu et al 2019, Obada et al 2020. Although, chemical treatment of natural fibres greatly improves their interfacial bond strength in polymer matrix composites, the longtime effect of the residue chemicals on fibres could be detrimental to the strength and lifespan of the composites, and hazardous to man and the environment.…”