The effect of a passive muscle stretching protocol on the articular cartilage

Renner, A; Carvalho, Eunice; Soares, Edson García; Mattiello, Stela Márcia

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2005.08.011

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The increase in the number of chondrocytes that was observed in the animals in the LG and LEG was also observed in studies by Renner, Carvalho, Soares, Mattiello-Rosa 11 and Del Carlo et al 23 . Other authors found a reduction in cellular density 24,36,37 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Common symptoms of these nervous injuries include dormancy, paresthesia, weakness and atrophy of the effector muscles, as well as the impairment of the normal functions and movements of the lower limbs, since this musculature affects the motricity of the joints 3, 4 , including the ankle, which is responsible for providing a stable base of support for the body, in addition to effectively propelling it during locomotion 5 . Thus, nerve lesions lead to the disuse of the limb and, as a consequence, there is a reduction in the mechanical stimulus necessary to maintain the morphological properties of the joint [6][7][8][9] , which can lead to rigidity of the joint capsule and consequent restriction in movement 10 , as well as atrophic changes in the articular cartilage with a reduction in its thickness and the number of chondrocytes 11,12 . Moreover, according to Hui, McCarty, Masuda, Firestein, Sah 13 , the composition and function of synovial fluid are also altered in cases of joint injury or disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance exercise recovers the structure of cartilage and synovial membrane of the ankle joint of rats after sciatic compression

Vieira

Lovison

Kunz

et al. 2017

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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-Aim: to determine the effects of sciatic compression and treatment with resistance exercise on the morphology of the ankle joint of Wistar rats. Methods: 32 male rats, aged 10 ± 1 week, weighing 376±22 grams were divided into the following four groups (n=8/group): CG (control), LG (lesion), EG (exercise) and LEG (lesion and exercise). Three days after sciatic compression, the animals in the EG and LEG were submitted to resistance exercise by climbing stairs (five days/week) for three weeks and a load of 100 grams was added. The exercise was carried out in two sets of ten consecutive ascents of the steps. The ankle joint tissues were analyzed for their morphometry and morphology using light microscopy. Results: Regarding the number of chondrocytes, the LG and EG had more cells in the anterior articular cartilage in the tibia (62 and 43%) and in the talus (57 and 45%) when compared to the CG. In the LEG there was a 25% and 26% reduction of chondrocytes in the anterior cartilage in the tibia and talus when compared to the LG. Changes were observed in the tibia and talus in the LG, with the presence of flocculation, invagination of the subchondral bone, discontinuity of tidemark and pannus covering the subchondral bone in the talus, as well as changes in the synovial membrane. These alterations were minimized in the articular cartilage and synovial membrane in the LEG. Conclusions: exercise restores the tissue morphology of ankle joint in Wistar rats after sciatic compression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise recovers the structure of cartilage and synovial membrane of the ankle joint of rats after sciatic compression

Vieira

Lovison

Kunz

et al. 2017

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…When loading of articular cartilage is reduced and it is deprived of mechanical stimuli, there is rapid deterioration of biochemical and biomechanical properties [21,23,30]. The lower limb joints are unloaded and restricted in movement in animals and in humans with spinal cord injuries [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of stretching to prevent and treat contractures after immobilization is supported by numerous animal studies [3,8,12,30,32,39,40]. Ample evidence from these animal studies suggests that contracture management can be achieved through repeated or sustained stretching in the case of contractures not attributable to injury to the central nervous system [3,8,10,39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amount of Torque and Duration of Stretching Affects Correction of Knee Contracture in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Moriyama¹,

Tobimatsu²,

Ozawa³

et al. 2013

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Joint contractures are a common complication of many neurologic conditions, and stretching often is advocated to prevent and treat these contractures. However, the magnitude and duration of the stretching done in practice usually are guided by subjective clinical impressions. Questions/purposes Using an established T8 spinal cord injury rat model of knee contracture, we sought to determine what combination of static or intermittent stretching, varied by magnitude (high or low) and duration (long or short), leads to the best (1) improvement in the limitation in ROM; (2) restoration of the muscular and articular factors leading to contractures; and (3) prevention and treatment of contracture-associated histologic alterations of joint capsule and articular cartilage. Methods Using a rat animal model, the spinal cord was transected completely at the level of T8. The rats were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups (n = 4 per group), which were composed of static or intermittent stretching in combination with different amounts of applied torque magnitude and duration. We assessed the effect of stretching by measuring the ROM and evaluating the histologic alteration of the capsule and cartilage. Results Contractures improved in all treated groups except for the low-torque and short-duration static stretching conditions. High-torque stretching was effective against shortening of the synovial membrane and adhesions in the posterosuperior regions. Collagen Type II and VEGF in the cartilage were increased by stretching. Conclusions High-torque and long-duration static stretching led to greater restoration of ROM than the other torque and duration treatment groups. Stretching was more effective in improving articular components of contractures compared with the muscular components. Stretching in this rat model prevented shortening and adhesion of the joint capsule, and affected biochemical composition, but did not change morphologic features of the cartilage. Clinical Relevance This animal study tends to support the ideas that static stretching can influence joint ROM and histologic qualities of joint tissues, and that the way stretching is performed influences its efficacy. However, further studies are warranted to determine if our findings are clinically applicable.

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“…(16) , de forma semelhante à do presente estudo, avaliaram alterações na cartilagem articular de tornozelos de ratos, após protocolo de alongamento muscular passivo cíclico em animais previamente imobilizados por quatro semanas. O protocolo de alongamento utilizado foi repetição de 10 vezes de dorsiflexão manual por 60s com 30s de intervalo entre cada período, sete dias por semana, por três semanas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efeitos sobre o tecido ósseo e cartilagem articular provocados pela imobilização e remobilização em ratos Wistar

Portinho

Boin

Bertolini

2008

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Longos períodos de imobilização conduzem à perda óssea e de propriedades do osso, e sua recuperação depende de vários fatores; além disso, a imobilização pode causar ulcerações no tecido cartilaginoso articular devido a alterações como perda de proteoglicanas, de massa e volume totais da cartilagem. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar alterações histológicas, do tecido ósseo periarticular e da cartilagem articular, provocadas pela imobilização e remobilização de membros posteriores de ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 12 ratos Wistar, divididos em dois grupos: GI -(n = 6): 15 dias com o membro posterior esquerdo imobilizado em plantiflexão, sendo o membro direito o controle; GR -(n = 6): período de 15 dias de remobilização livre na gaiola, associado a três séries diárias de alongamento do músculo sóleo esquerdo por 30 segundos. Foram avaliados no tecido ósseo as medidas de espessura do osso cortical, diâmetro do canal medular e número de osteócitos; no tecido cartilaginoso, foram mensurados a espessura média da cartilagem e o número de condrócitos. Como resultado, observou-se que para GI não houve alterações significativas na espessura do osso (p = 0,1156) nem no diâmetro do canal medular (p = 0,5698), mas diminuição significativa dos osteócitos em relação ao contralateral (p = 0,0005); em GR também houve decréscimo no número de osteócitos (p = 0,0001), mas as diferenças na espessura (p = 0,1343) e diâmetro do canal medular (p = 0,6456) mantiveram-se não significantes. Para os dados de cartilagem articular não houve diferenças significativas para as amostras, tanto na espessura da cartilagem para GI (p = 0,6640) e GR (p = 0,1633), quanto no número de condrócitos em GI (p = 0,9429) e GR (p = 0,1634). Conclui-se que duas semanas de imobilização e remobilização produziram apenas diminuição significativa no número de osteócitos nos ratos imobilizados; esse número continuou a diminuir mesmo nos animais remobilizados.Palavras-chave: alongamento muscular, estresse articular, metabolismo ósseo. ABSTRACTLong immobilization periods lead to bone and properties loss, and its recovery depends on many factors. Besides that, immobilization can cause ulcerations in the articular cartilage tissue due to alterations, such as loss of proteoglycans and total cartilage mass and volume. The aim of this study was to verify histological alterations of the periarticular bone tissue and articular cartilage caused by immobilization as well as remobilization of hinder limbs of Wistar rats. Twelve Wistar rats were divided in two groups: GI -(n=6): 15 days with the left hinder limb immobilized at plantiflexion, with the right limb being the control; GR -(n=6): used a 15 day-period of free remobilization in the cage, associated with 3 daily stretching bouts of the left soleus muscle for 30 seconds. The measures of the cortical bone thickness, diameter of the medular channel and number of condrocites were evaluated; in the cartilage tissue, the cartilage mean thickness and the number of condrocites were measured. The results showed that for GI ...

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The effect of a passive muscle stretching protocol on the articular cartilage

Abstract: These findings suggest that the stretching protocol used was harmful to the previously immobilized articular cartilage. However, the same stretching protocol did not harm the cartilage of non-immobilized groups.

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Resistance exercise recovers the structure of cartilage and synovial membrane of the ankle joint of rats after sciatic compression

Resistance exercise recovers the structure of cartilage and synovial membrane of the ankle joint of rats after sciatic compression

Amount of Torque and Duration of Stretching Affects Correction of Knee Contracture in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Efeitos sobre o tecido ósseo e cartilagem articular provocados pela imobilização e remobilização em ratos Wistar

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