The effect of 6-gingerol on biochemical and histological parameters in cholesterol-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in NMRI mice

Abstract

Fatty liver contains a range of clinical symptoms, including the accumulation of fat in the liver parenchyma and it varies from a simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Using natural therapies has always been a great concern for such health-related diseases. Herein, 6-gingerol, as a natural compound, was applied to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver induced in NMRI mice. The assessment included histological studies of the liver along with measurement of biochemical parameters, including insulin, glucose, adiponectin, leptin, HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), VLDL-C (very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and catalase. The results demonstrated that treatment with 6-gingerol (800 mg/kg) modified the fatty liver indices by significantly reducing (p<0.001) the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and leptin, whereas this treatment notably increased (p<0.001) the levels of liver antioxidant enzymes, HDL-c, and adiponectin. Therefore, 6-gingerol, in a dose-dependent mode, showed capability of improving non-alcoholic fatty liver and could offer a reliable remedy.

Beneficial Effects of 6-Gingerol on Fatty Pancreas Disease in High-Fat High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model

“…Interestingly, the administration of 6-G in a dose-dependent manner could improve oxidative stress by increasing pancreatic GPx activity and reducing the pancreatic MDA levels, respectively, as compared with that of the HFHF group. It has also been demonstrated that 6-G has the capability of improving the nonalcoholic fatty liver by increasing the antioxidant enzymes, catalase, and superoxide dismutase 10 . In fact, 6-G could inhibit free radicals and lipid peroxidation, protect the liver and pancreas, and balance the oxidant and antioxidant levels 26,27 …”

“…8 6-Gingerol treatment also significantly reduced the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, insulin resistance, and leptin while increasing the levels of liver antioxidant enzymes and adiponectin. 9,10 Although 6-G has been shown to have antioxidant and antiobesity properties in numerous studies, its potential to reduce lipid accumulation in pancreatic tissues has not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether 6-G could be effective for ameliorating FPD in the MetS rat model.…”

“…In addition, 6-G was reported to ameliorate hepatic steatosis by activating the LKB1/AMPK pathway 8 . 6-Gingerol treatment also significantly reduced the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, insulin resistance, and leptin while increasing the levels of liver antioxidant enzymes and adiponectin 9,10 …”

“…that 6-G has the capability of improving the nonalcoholic fatty liver by increasing the antioxidant enzymes, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. 10 In fact, 6-G could inhibit free radicals and lipid peroxidation, protect the liver and pancreas, and balance the oxidant and antioxidant levels. 26,27 Many studies have demonstrated that FPD is associated with inflammatory processes, which are likely mediated by increased oxidative stress produced by the metabolism of fatty acids and by the induction of proinflammatory pathways such as TNF-α and IL-6.…”

Antiviral activity of natural substances against main arboviruses DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV: literature review

“…6-Gingerol is one of the major pharmacologically active phenolic compounds found in ginger rhizomes and exhibits a variety of pleiotropic pharmacological functions, including anti-inflammatory [128,129,130], anticancer [131], and immunomodulatory effects [132]. In addition, 6-gingerol can decrease fasting plasma glucose, LDH cholesterol, TG, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [133]. diseases [136,137,138,139].…”