The economics of schizophrenia care in Europe: the Epsilon study

Chisholm, Daniel; Knapp, Martín

doi:10.1017/s1121189x00010095

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Participants in both groups had spent about 1 month in the year before baseline as in-patients, and had been treated with antipsychotic medication for about 12 years. Between sites there were some differences in the profiles of symptoms and disability, but the variations in patterns of service use were more marked and reflected different service configurations in each of the four areas studied (Table 2) (Chisholm & Knapp, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence therapy for people with schizophrenia

et al. 2006

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence therapy for people with schizophrenia

et al. 2006

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“…The estimates of cost of illness of schizophrenia so far vary greatly across countries and studies. 33,39,42,43 Despite the diversity of dataset, including costs and use of methodology in relation to cost calculation, direct health care costs and lost productivity have been documented as the main cost components. [44][45][46] Only few cost of illness studies have accounted for the costs for caregivers 35 and these studies have mostly assessed productivity losses of caregivers and not focused on potential excess direct costs of caregivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal Costs of Schizophrenia in Denmark: A Nationwide Matched Controlled Study of Patients and Spouses Before and After Initial Diagnosis

Hastrup

Simonsen

Ibsen³

et al. 2019

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Background Information on welfare cost of patients with schizophrenia and spouses is limited. Aim The main aim of this study to investigate factual societal mean annual costs per individual during 5 years before and after the initial diagnosis of schizophrenia. Method A register-based cohort study of 12 227 patients with incident schizophrenia (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision F20-F20.99) with spouses and 48 907 matched controls in Denmark during 2002–2016. Results The total annual costs of health care and lost productivity were Euro 43 561 higher for patients with schizophrenia and health care costs and costs of lost productivity were increased during 5 years before the initial diagnosis. The total annual direct health care and indirect costs of lost productivity were Euro 21 888 higher for spouses to patients with schizophrenia than spouses of individuals with no diagnosis of schizophrenia. Also before initial diagnosis, health care costs and lost productivity were increased among spouses of patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion Patients with schizophrenia differed from the general population with respect to all included costs. The study documented a significant burden on spouses. The excess health care costs of schizophrenia are further increased by psychiatric and somatic comorbidity, and the societal costs are 4–10 times higher than chronic neurological disorders such as epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. Early onset of schizophrenia implies that patients are affected before finishing school and before entrance to labor market. Cost savings could be achieved by investments in preventive interventions reaching young people’s needs; in initiatives to reduce hospital admissions caused by medication side effects, substance misuse, and lifestyle factors; and in occupational training.

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“…Again, we defer forecasting until later. Recent examples of the use of generalised linear models in the analysis of mental health care costs can be found in Byford et al (2001), Chisholm & Knapp (2002) and Knapp et al (2003).…”

Section: Choice Of Regression Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing, explaining or predicting mental health care costs: a guide to regression models

et al. 2003

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If the investigators are primarily interested in explanatory mechanisms then they should seriously consider generalised linear models (but with careful attention being paid to the appropriate error distribution). Further insight is likely to be gained through the use of two-part models. For prediction we recommend regression on raw costs using ordinary least-square methods. Whatever method is used, investigators should consider how robust their methods might be to incorrect distributional assumptions (particularly in small samples) and they should not automatically assume that methods such as bootstrapping will allow them to ignore these problems.

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The economics of schizophrenia care in Europe: the Epsilon study

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Adherence therapy for people with schizophrenia

Adherence therapy for people with schizophrenia

Societal Costs of Schizophrenia in Denmark: A Nationwide Matched Controlled Study of Patients and Spouses Before and After Initial Diagnosis

Describing, explaining or predicting mental health care costs: a guide to regression models

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