2022
DOI: 10.1007/s10887-022-09202-8
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The economics of missionary expansion: evidence from Africa and implications for development

Abstract: How did Christianity expand in Africa to become the continent’s dominant religion? Using annual panel census data on Christian missions from 1751 to 1932 in Ghana, and pre-1924 data on missions for 43 sub-Saharan African countries, we estimate causal effects of malaria, railroads and cash crops on mission location. We find that missions were established in healthier, more accessible, and richer places before expanding to economically less developed places. We argue that the endogeneity of missionary expansion … Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(24 citation statements)
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References 89 publications
(142 reference statements)
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“…In an article that criticizes much of the evidence for the supposed long-term effects of missionary activity, Remi Jedwab, Felix Meier zu Selhausen, and Alexander Moradi have listed over 50 published papers since 2010. 71 One of the points that this vast literature in historical economics agrees on is that Protestant missions were more inclined to promote literacy and gender equality than Catholic or Islamic missions. More contested, however, are interpretations of the origins and long-term effects of missionary movements.…”
Section: Inequality and Social Mobilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In an article that criticizes much of the evidence for the supposed long-term effects of missionary activity, Remi Jedwab, Felix Meier zu Selhausen, and Alexander Moradi have listed over 50 published papers since 2010. 71 One of the points that this vast literature in historical economics agrees on is that Protestant missions were more inclined to promote literacy and gender equality than Catholic or Islamic missions. More contested, however, are interpretations of the origins and long-term effects of missionary movements.…”
Section: Inequality and Social Mobilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An obvious limitation to identifying the effect of missionaries on long-run development and state capacity is that missionary settlement is non-random (Jedwab et al, 2018). I therefore control for potential confounders to missionary settlement.…”
Section: Control Variablesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We do not discuss the rich literature on the long-term consequences of missionary education (e.g. Bauer et al 2022;Caicedo 2019;Cogneau and Moradi 2014;Jedwab et al 2022;Waldinger 2017;Wantchekon et al 2014;Wietzke 2015).…”
Section: The French Protectoratementioning
confidence: 99%