The economics of global light pollution

Gallaway, Terrel; Olsen, Reed Neil; Mitchell, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.10.003

Cited by 154 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The introduction of daylight saving periods from April to October happened for a reason benefiting a large amount of energy saving every year. You can read more about this topic among other harmful effects of light pollution in the papers [2,4,12].…”

Section: Designing Led Street Lightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Design of Optimal LED Street Lights

Lévai

Bánhelyi

2015

Optimized Packings With Applications

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The issue of light pollution, unnecessary lighting of outdoor areas, came into focus in the last ten years. This is the reason why observatories should not be built in highly populated areas, it also disturbs the wild life, and it raises questions about energy conservation too. Based on its capabilities, LED technology offers a solution to this problem. Nowadays, travellers can visit many cities in developed countries and encounter LED street lights in streets as application of this technology spreading in public lighting. Designing orientation of LEDs in such street lights is a difficult problem as we need to use multiple LED packages to light an as large area as an incandescent light bulb can. Determining correct angles is a global optimization problem, a complex mathematical task related to the field of covering problems. In this chapter, we present an automatic designing method to construct LED configurations for street lights and a light pattern computation technique to evaluate these configurations. To speed up the whole designing process, a possible way of parallelization is also discussed.

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Section: Designing Led Street Lightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Design of Optimal LED Street Lights

Lévai

Bánhelyi

2015

Optimized Packings With Applications

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“…The light that is generated and disappears without having any use is a waste (Narisada and Schreuder 2004). Accordingly, poor lighting design contributes to increased carbon dioxide emissions and global warming (Gallaway et al 2010). This magnitude should be considered to evaluate energy efficiency.…”

Section: Energy Efficiency Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of energy efficiency label of street lighting systems

et al. 2016

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There are very few countries that have provisions addressing the energy efficiency of the whole street lighting system, such as Spain or the Netherlands. Nevertheless, there is not an agreement about how energy efficiency must be assessed. The Spanish Government contemplates it in the Royal Decree 1890/2008 with the goal of improving energy savings and efficiency. However, this has not obtained the expected results. Nowadays, energy efficiency of this kind of systems is assessed using a label. In the case of Spain, this label only assesses one magnitude. The contributions of this paper are two evaluation systems (kiviat diagram and pie chart) which assess five magnitudes: lamps, energy efficiency index, light pollution, renewable energy contribution, and harness of the luminous flux using dimming. After that, a survey was done to study several subjects: (1) if citizens are aware about the efficiency of street lighting systems, (2) whether the sample of colors used in the label is adequate, and (3) if our proposed systems could replace the current evaluation system. Finally, the paper finishes with the conclusions of the survey.

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“…Therefore, light pollution trends can change drastically across different spatial scales [23]. However, in comparison to the ever-increasing amount of nighttime lighting in China, the specific and land use-oriented assessment and management of light pollution -and associated planning -are still underdeveloped [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Approach to Evaluating Light Pollution in Residential Zones: A Case Study of Beijing

Jin¹,

Liu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Outdoor lighting is becoming increasingly widespread, and residents are suffering from serious light pollution as a result. Residents' awareness of their rights to protection has gradually increased. However, due to the sometimes-inaccessible nature of residential vertical light incidence intensity data and the high cost of obtaining specific measurements, there is no appropriate hierarchic compensation for residents suffering from different degrees of light pollution. It is therefore important to measure light pollution levels and their damage at the neighborhood scale to provide residents with basic materials for proper protection and to create more politically suitable solutions. This article presents a light pollution assessment method that is easy to perform, is low-cost, and has a short data-processing cycle. This method can be used to monitor residential zone light pollution in other cities. We chose three open areas to test the spatial variation pattern of light intensity. The results are in accordance with spatial interpolation patterns and can be fit, with high precision, using the IDW method. This approach can also be used in 3 dimensions to quantitatively evaluate the distribution of light intensity distribution. We use a mixeduse zone in Beijing known as The Place as our case study area. The vertical illumination at the windows of residential buildings ranges from 2 lux to 23 lux; the illumination in some areas is far higher than the value recommended by CIE. Such severe light pollution can seriously interfere with people's daily lives and has a serious influence on their rest and health. The results of this survey will serve as an important database to assess whether the planning of night-time lighting is scientific and Peer-reviewed version available at Sustainability 2017, 9, , 652; doi:10.3390/su9040652whether it provides residents with a basis for the protection of their rights.Keywords: light pollution, monitoring approach, spatial distribution, residential zone, Beijing Highlights:This study presents a light pollution assessment method that is easy to perform, is low-cost, and has short data-processing cycle;This study is performed on a street scale with high precision (above 95%) of the light intensity interpolation results.There are residents in Beijing suffering from serious light pollution. Nearly 48.6% of areas on the 1st floor are suffering from light pollution, and the situation will be worse on higher floors.

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The economics of global light pollution

Cited by 154 publications

References 24 publications

Automatic Design of Optimal LED Street Lights

Automatic Design of Optimal LED Street Lights

A review of energy efficiency label of street lighting systems

An Approach to Evaluating Light Pollution in Residential Zones: A Case Study of Beijing

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