The Economics of Air Pollution Health Risks in Russia: A Case Study of Volgograd

Larson, Bruce A.; Avaliani, S.L.; Golub, Alexander; Rosen, Sydney; Shaposhnikov, Dmitry; Strukova, Elena; Vincent, Jeffrey R.; Wolff, Scott K.

doi:10.1016/s0305-750x(99)00086-8

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In a developing country context, Ostro et al (1996) obtained essentially the same result for Santiago, Chile. Using this information, Larson et al (1999) developed an initial particulate coefficient (PC) equal to 8.5*10 -6 to estimate the additional annual mortality risk per person per year per 1 µg/m 3 of PM 10 . To our knowledge, there are no separate estimates for children and adults available in the literature.…”

Section: Valuing Mortality Risk Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding household demand for indoor air pollution control in developing countries

Larson

Rosen

2002

Social Science & Medicine

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Section: Valuing Mortality Risk Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding household demand for indoor air pollution control in developing countries

Larson

Rosen

2002

Social Science & Medicine

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“…However, a number of studies in the region conducted in 1996-2008 have estimated health risks from air pollution in Russia and Ukraine [1][2][3][4][5][6]. These studies generally conclude that there are significant health risks attributable to environmental pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Cost of Air Pollution in Kazakhstan

Kenessariyev¹,

Golub²,

Brody³

et al. 2013

JEP

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Kazakhstan, like other former Soviet Republics, inherited a number of serious environmental problems. Air pollution is one of these serious problems, leading to significant environmental health effects on the population of Kazakhstan. This study provides a baseline analysis of health damages from air pollution, based on readily available information. Mean estimates of mortality risk attributable to air pollution are about 16,000 cases per year with a 95% confidence level of the risk not exceeding 25,500. Even taking into account all the uncertainties related to the collection and processing of primary data, as well as the application of risk analysis methodology, we conclude that air pollution in Kazakhstan constitutes a significant contribution to the environmental burden of diseases. In relative terms, the impact of air pollution on premature mortality in Kazakhstan is notably higher than in Russia and the Ukraine.

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“…Avaliani and Revich [14] proposed a 0.55 conversion coefficient to convert TSP into PM 10 for Russia. This value is slightly below the 0.6 conversion coefficient suggested in Larson et al [15] for Russia and Strukova et al [16] proposed for Ukraine. Because many former Soviet regions have more combustion-related activities than average, a higher conversion coefficient was used than that for the world average 0.5 [17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Further conversions of PM 10 estimates to PM 2.5 include greater uncertainty in relation to the original data in the emissions inventory (i.e., TSP). In Russia, the PM 2.5 / PM 10 ratio has been estimated to range from 0.55 to 0.75 [15,17]. For this article we have chosen a conversion ratio of 0.65 (i.e., a ratio in the middle of that range) for estimates of PM 10 to PM 2.5 with the resulting modeled estimates for TSP and all conversions to smaller particle sizes shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, former Soviet Union countries have started to use more specific meteorological data in dispersion modeling, similar to the approach used in this Zaporizhzhia case-study. For example, Larson et al [15] recalculated dispersion model outputs to obtain annual average pollutant concentrations in Volgograd Russia. In comparison to the EOL model, the ISC-Aermod has the advantage of a more state of the art design and is capable of greater utilization of the Zaporizhzhia HydroMet data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Assessment Capacity Building Program in Zaporizhzhia Ukraine: Emissions Inventory Construction, Ambient Modeling, and Hazard Results

Caldwell

Serdyuk²,

Turos³

et al. 2013

JEP

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Historically, Ukraine has been a major source of industrial production for the former Soviet Union and the source of pollution associated with an aging industrial infrastructure. The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Ukrainian Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MENR) entered into partnership to develop Ukrainian expertise and capacity in risk assessment so that Ukraine could more effectively use its National and Regional Environmental Protection Funds and set priorities for cleanup and regulation. Ukrainian scientists, local officials, and EPA consultants conducted a pilot study in the heavily industrialized Zaporizhzhia Oblast so that the process, analytical tools, and approach for a risk assessment could be developed for and tailored to Ukrainian needs. As a first step, site-specific information was obtained from multiple sources of air pollution and an emissions inventory of air pollution developed. Efforts by local officials were critical for emissions inventory construction. After refinements were made to the inventory, Ukrainian scientists then performed exposure modeling using this information so that ambient concentrations of pollutants could be estimated. 11 industry types (i.e., enterprises) were identified as a major emission source. Results of the modeling effort demonstrated that emissions estimates of particulate matter (as measured by particles of less than 10 micron diameter or "PM 10 ") and a number of carcinogens were consistent with those from other cities with high concentrations of metallurgical industries in former Soviet Union countries, and were above safety standards. Hazard information was gathered from international databases for each of the estimated pollutants. Using such data, prioritization and identification of potential health concerns can be made, but most importantly, the expertise and experience gained from the pilot allowed for continued support of risk assessment capacity building in the Ukraine and support by the World Bank.

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The Economics of Air Pollution Health Risks in Russia: A Case Study of Volgograd

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Understanding household demand for indoor air pollution control in developing countries

Understanding household demand for indoor air pollution control in developing countries

Human Health Cost of Air Pollution in Kazakhstan

Risk Assessment Capacity Building Program in Zaporizhzhia Ukraine: Emissions Inventory Construction, Ambient Modeling, and Hazard Results

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