The Economics of Agricultural and Wildlife Smuggling

Ferrier, Peyton

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1492832

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…An outbreak of Exotic Newcastle Disease among poultry in the U.S. reportedly stemmed from smuggled game birds from Mexico. The disease resulted in eradication costs of approximately $168 million [77]. Double agents, pathogens capable of inflicting death in both animals and humans, are of significant terrorist concern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro Terrorism: A Global Perspective

Fz¹

2017

J Pol Sci Pub Aff

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The global food supply chain remains a significant target for those who want to cause fear, harm or destruction to our sustenance of life and liberty. When naturally-occurring animal outbreaks, such as foot and mouth disease, avian influenza, chronic waste disease, swine flu, or the many animal and crop diseases and pathogens are added to the list of potential security concerns and threats, biosecurity and bioterrorism assume a greater significance in a nation's effort to effectively secure their homeland. Information and intelligence gathering, policy decisions, target hardening, and resource allocation become linchpins for effective homeland security. This paper discusses global agricultural security risks within the milieu of agro terrorism as a threat to biosecurity. It briefly presents the disease agents which potentially undermine public health and social, political or economic stability of given regions throughout the globe, threaten a society's confidence in their government, disrupt the food supply chain, or create fear and panic. Finally, the effect of various outbreaks and attacks are presented as case illustrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro Terrorism: A Global Perspective

Fz¹

2017

J Pol Sci Pub Aff

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“…Most experts support this assertion (for antiquities see Brodie and Renfrew, 2005;Brodie et al, 2000;Chippindale and Gill, 2000;Elia, 2001;Mackenzie, 2005;Renfrew, 1999;Yates, 2014. For orchids see Clemente Muñoz, 2009;Davenport and Ndangalasi, 2003;Ferrier, 2010;Neng, 2010;Subedi et al, 2013;Swarts and Dixon, 2009). Second, the market-end demand for orchids and antiquities is what inspires a supply to be found and is the root cause of looting and poaching.…”

Section: The Study and Regulation Of Trafficking In Illicit Orchids Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Collectors on illicit collecting: Higher loyalties and other techniques of neutralization in the unlawful collecting of rare and precious orchids and antiquities

Yates¹

2017

Preprint

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Trafficking natural objects and trafficking cultural objects have been treated separately both in regulatory policy and in criminological discussion. The former is generally taken to be 'wildlife crime' while the latter has come to be considered under the auspices of a debate on 'illicit art and antiquities'. In this article we study the narrative discourse of high-end collectors of orchids and antiquities. The illicit parts of these global trades are subject to this analytical divide between wildlife trafficking and art trafficking, and this has resulted in quite different regulatory structures for each of these markets. However, the trafficking routines, the types and levels of harm involved, and the supplydemand dynamics in the trafficking of orchids and antiquities are actually quite similar, and in this study we find those structural similarities reflected in substantial common ground in the way collectors talk about their role in each market. Collectors of rare and precious orchids and antiquities valorize their participation in markets that are known to be in quite considerable degree illicit, appealing to 'higher loyalties' such as ArticleMackenzie and Yates 341 preservation, appreciation of aesthetic beauty and cultural edification. These higher loyalties, along with other techniques of neutralization, deplete the force of law as a guide to appropriate action. We propose that the appeal to higher loyalties is difficult to categorize as a technique of neutralization in this study as it appears to be a motivational explanation for the collectors involved. The other classic techniques of neutralization are deflective, guilt and critique reducing narrative mechanisms, while higher loyalties drives illicit behaviour in collecting markets for orchids and antiquities in ways that go significantly beyond the normal definition of neutralization.

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“…Unfortunately, recent trends have shown that this has now been transformed from subsistence into an illegal multimillion dollar industry [1,2], with often negative consequences on target animal species' populations and the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome c Oxidase Sequences of Zambian Wildlife Helps to Identify Species of Origin of Meat

Syakalima

Munyeme

Yasuda

2016

International Journal of Zoology

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Accurate species identification is a crucial tool in wildlife conservation. Enforcement of antipoaching law is more achievable with robust molecular identification of poached meat. Determining the region where the animal may have been taken from would also be a useful tool in suppression of cross-border trade of poached meat. We present data from a cytochrome c oxidase "barcoding" study of Zambian ruminants that adequately identifies the species of origin of meat samples. Furthermore, the method demonstrates possible improvement and application in regional variation in sequence identity that has a potential for discriminating meat samples from different subpopulations.

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The Economics of Agricultural and Wildlife Smuggling

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Agro Terrorism: A Global Perspective

Agro Terrorism: A Global Perspective

Collectors on illicit collecting: Higher loyalties and other techniques of neutralization in the unlawful collecting of rare and precious orchids and antiquities

Cytochrome c Oxidase Sequences of Zambian Wildlife Helps to Identify Species of Origin of Meat

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