Cytochrome c Oxidase Sequences of Zambian Wildlife Helps to Identify Species of Origin of Meat

Syakalima, Michelo; Munyeme, Musso; Yasuda, Jun

doi:10.1155/2016/1808912

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, COI gene amplified all the samples thus demonstrating that COI is a better gene for this purpose. The effectiveness of COI gene in species classification has also been reported before in wildlife [9], nematodes [32], reedbuck [10], birds [33], rodents [15], and lepidoptera [34]. The COI genes have been the most frequent methods used for species identification in animal biological studies due to its high degree of phylogenetic species differentiation as compared to other mtDNA genes [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Molecular identification can be achieved by a number of methods but DNA barcoding, which is a taxonomic method that uses a short genetic marker in an organism's DNA to identify it to a particular species, has been found easy and particularly effective for this purpose [8]. The target gene used for barcoding is the COI gene which is a very common gene among species and has been fairly conserved over generations [9,10]. Another gene commonly used is the Cytochrome b gene which is also a very good discriminatory gene for species identification [8,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Rodent Species That Infest Poultry Houses in Mafikeng, North West Province, South Africa

Ramatla

Mphuthi

Gofaone

et al. 2019

International Journal of Zoology

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Rodents cause serious adverse effects on farm production due to destruction of food, contamination of feed, and circulation of diseases. The extent of damage or the diseases spread will depend on the type of rodents that invade the farm. This study was conducted in order to find out the species of rodents that infest poultry farms around Mafikeng, North West Province of South Africa. The study was part of a broader project that was investigating Salmonella vectors in the poultry farms around the province. The study trapped 154 rodents from selected farms and used the Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and the Cytochrome b (Cyt-b) barcoding genes for species identification. Two rodent pest species, namely, Rattus rattus (the black rat) and Rattus tanezumi (the Asian Rat/Asian House Rat) were identified. A total of 99 (64.3%) were identified as Rattus rattus and 55 (35.7%) were Rattus tanezumi. Between the two target genes, Cyt-b gene was only able to identify 40 (25.97%) of the total samples while COI was more efficient and amplified all the samples and thus was a better target gene for this kind of identification. The two rat species identified are known vectors of serious diseases; thus their presence should be regarded as an indication of high risk for diseases. Despite having been detected in the country before, finding R. tanezumi as the second largest rat species in the area was unexpected since this species is known to be indigenous to Asia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Rodent Species That Infest Poultry Houses in Mafikeng, North West Province, South Africa

Ramatla

Mphuthi

Gofaone

et al. 2019

International Journal of Zoology

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“…The resulting sequences were compared with reference data available in the GenBank database using BLAST (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST) from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to determine species identification with high similarity [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic pathogenic fungi isolated from feces of feral pigeons in Mafikeng, North West Province of South Africa

2019

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Background and Aim: Pigeon feces are increasingly being implicated in the spread of bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria, and Chlamydia. Fungi are rarely investigated except for Cryptococcus that has emerged as an important pathogen in old people and immunosuppressed patients. This study investigated fungi in pigeon feces collected from Mafikeng, the North West Province of South Africa. Materials and Methods: Freshly dropped feces were collected and enriched in phosphate-buffered saline overnight at 48°C and then subcultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and incubated at 48°C for 2 weeks observing any fungal growth from day 2. The growths were picked up, DNA extracted, and polymerase chain reaction was done using the internal transcribed spacer primers. Results: Fungi isolated included: Aspergillus (Aspergillus tubingensis), Cryptococcus (Cryptococcus albidus and Cryptococcus randhawai), Fusarium spp., and Rhodotorula (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Rhodotorula kratochvilovae). Most of these isolates are known opportunistic pathogens and have been isolated in clinical conditions elsewhere. Other isolates such as Graphium dubautiae, Myrmecridium schulzeri, Naganishia albida, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Zygopleurage zygospora were not found to be of any human health significance. Conclusion: We, therefore, concluded that the presence of these opportunistic pathogens is a significant human health risk, especially in the face of the HIV/AIDS pandemic that results in immunosuppression.

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“…Accurate identification of suspect samples forms the basis of forensic evidence, which currently relies widely on sequencing of the barcode cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene 9,10 , the gold-standard for vertebrate species determination implemented by initiatives such as the International Barcode of Life project (iBOL) (www.ibol.org) 11,12 . DNA barcoding enables fast, reliable, cost-effective, and automatable species determination by users with limited taxonomic experience 10 and is increasingly becoming accepted and adopted as a means of court-admissible evidence generation for wildlife crime prosecutions in Africa [13][14][15][16][17] . However, as only a small proportion of potential samples sequenced are of illegally traded wildlife products, the cost of surveillance by mass-barcode sequencing is high and thus not sustainable in the long term.…”

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confidence: 99%

Three-gene PCR and high-resolution melting analysis for differentiating vertebrate species mitochondrial DNA for biodiversity research and complementing forensic surveillance

Ouso

Otiende

Jeneby

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Reliable molecular identification of vertebrate species from morphologically unidentifiable tissue is critical for the prosecution of illegally-traded wildlife products, conservation-based biodiversity research, and identification of blood-meal hosts of hematophagous invertebrates. However, forensic identification of vertebrate tissue relies on sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) 'barcode' gene, which remains costly for purposes of screening large numbers of unknown samples during routine surveillance. Here, we adapted a rapid, low-cost approach to differentiate 10 domestic and 24 wildlife species that are common in the East African illegal wildlife products trade based on their unique high-resolution melting profiles from COI, cytochrome b, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR products. Using the approach, we identified (i) giraffe among covertly sampled meat from Kenyan butcheries, and (ii) forest elephant mitochondrial sequences among savannah elephant reference samples. This approach is being adopted for high-throughput pre-screening of potential bushmeat samples in East African forensic science pipelines. Unsustainable hunting, consumption, and sale of bushmeat in Africa contribute immensely to the decline of threatened wild animal species. The global bushmeat trade is valued at several billion US dollars. Up to 270 tons of bushmeat were flown into Europe through a single airport in 2010 from Africa 1. While this is a major crisis for wildlife in central and western Africa, it is a growing concern in eastern and southern Africa 2. Efforts to regulate or prevent illegal wildlife trade depends on accurate, efficient, and sustainable tools for species identification of confiscated and surveillance samples. Illegal wildlife trade is mainly fuelled by the need for diet and income supplementation 3. The consequences of direct human contact with bushmeat have been severe. A classic example of disease originating from or harboured by bushmeat is Ebola virus disease, which has infected humans upon contact with infected wild animals such as fruit bats, nonhuman primates, and forest antelopes 4,5. The impact of bushmeat hunting on animal populations can also be severe 6. Many favoured wild animal species for bushmeat are already endangered, some close to extinction 7. There are also flow-on effects to the ecosystems 8 and tourism.

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Cytochrome c Oxidase Sequences of Zambian Wildlife Helps to Identify Species of Origin of Meat

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Identification of Rodent Species That Infest Poultry Houses in Mafikeng, North West Province, South Africa

Identification of Rodent Species That Infest Poultry Houses in Mafikeng, North West Province, South Africa

Opportunistic pathogenic fungi isolated from feces of feral pigeons in Mafikeng, North West Province of South Africa

Three-gene PCR and high-resolution melting analysis for differentiating vertebrate species mitochondrial DNA for biodiversity research and complementing forensic surveillance

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