The economic and biological value of beet varieties under the Trans-Urals conditions

Abstract

Table beet is a valuable crop used in many countries, both for its main (food) purposes and in many others. Beetroots are very rich in vitamins (C, B₁, B₂, P, PP, etc.), iron, magnesium, iodine, ascorbic and folic acids. Beetroot is grown almost everywhere, but it is most common in the northern hemisphere, because it is cold-resistant and light-loving. Leaves and non-marketable root crops can be used for feed for farm animals, as well as when laying a combisilage. As a rule, combisilage consists of feed of several types that complement and enrich the mixture with different nutrients. Promising varieties and hybrids of table beet under the conditions of the Trans-Urals have been studied in the paper. The yield of varieties varied on average over the years of study from 280 c/ha Bordeaux variety to 352 c/ha Detroit variety. In hybrids, the yield level varied from 292 c/ha for the Rondo F₁ to 340 c/ha for the Pablo F₁ hybrid. The role of mineral fertilizers in increasing the yield of table beet varieties has been determined. The use of complex fertilizer nitrogen-phosphor in a dose of N₄₀P₄₀K₄₀ allowed to obtain the highest yield in the experiment. The excess over the control was noted for Detroit and Mulatto varieties from 1,22 times to 1,24 times for Bordeaux variety. The phytosanitary technology of table beet cultivation under the production conditions of ZAO “Kartofel” in the Ketovsky area in the Kurgan region has been considered. The yield of marketable products for Larka F₁ hybrid was obtained in 2019 – 361 kg/ha from the area of 20 hectares, Rondo F₁ hybrid – 384 kg/ha from the area of 60 hectares. In 2020 on the farm with the area of 100 hectares the yield of Rondo F₁ hybrid was 413 kg/ha.