The ecology of Staphylococcus species in the oral cavity

Smith, A. J.; Jackson, Margaret S.; Bagg, J.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-50-11-940

Cited by 202 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, in the present study, non-oral pathogens were also commonly observed in periodontally healthy sites. These findings were also reported by other authors (3,5,36). It should be noted, though, that the majority of these pathogens were detected in lower frequency and numbers in these sites when compared to periodontitis lesions.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The microbiological findings revealed that periodontitis patients presented a quite higher prevalence and mean numbers of bacterial pathogens than healthy subjects, suggesting that the establishment of these microorganisms seems to be supported by the presence of a complex subgingival microbiota associated with periodontal disease. Considerable published data agree with these results; however, variations in the frequency of these microorganisms in dental biofilm are observed in those studies (3,5,35,36). Recently, Colombo and co-workers (5) examined a large number of subgingival biofilm samples from periodontitis patients in a Brazilian population and reported the presence of species not frequently found in the subgingival microbiota, such as A. baumannii, Bartonella spp., E.coli, and E. faecalis.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 71%

“…These observations support the idea that the oral cavity may act as a reservoir and a source of these microorganisms to other area of the body. Moreover, established pathogens in the dental biofilm may be more difficult to eradicate due to their higher resistance to antimicrobials and the immunological defense mechanisms, increasing the probability of re-infection and treatment failure (36). For instance, Umeda et al (40) have reported that a patient with periodontal pockets retained H. pylori in the oral cavity even after eradication of the bacterium from the stomach.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of "non-oral" pathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm of subjects with chronic periodontitis

Souto¹,

Andrade²,

Uzeda³

et al. 2006

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The oral cavity may act as a reservoir for several pathogens related to systemic infections. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and levels of pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival biofilm of chronic periodontitis lesions and healthy periodontal sites using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. 200 samples of subgingival biofilm from sites with periodontitis (probing pocket depth ≥ 4 mm and /or clinical attachment level ≥ 4 mm) and 200 samples from healthy sites of 14 patients with chronic periodontitis, as well as 200 samples from 3 periodontally healthy patients were obtained. The presence and levels of 11 pathogenic bacteria were determined using whole genomic DNA probes and the checkerboard method, computed for each site and then across sites within each subject group. Significance of differences in clinical and microbiological parameters among groups were examinated using the MannWhitney and Wilcoxon sign tests. The predominant species in all 600 samples included Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. In general, most of the species were detected in greater prevalence and levels in sites with and without disease from patients with periodontitis in comparison to the periodontally healthy group. In particular, C. diphtheriae, E. coli, E. faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus were significantly more prevalent and detected in higher counts in diseased sites of patients with periodontal disease compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Clinical signs of disease presented a positive correlation with the species A. baumannii, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, "non-oral" pathogenic bacteria are detected in high prevalence and levels in periodontal sites of chronic periodontitis patients.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of "non-oral" pathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm of subjects with chronic periodontitis

Souto¹,

Andrade²,

Uzeda³

et al. 2006

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…S6C) indicated that the selection of BChE mutants resistant to OP inactivation occurred via two distinct pathways: by decreasing the reactivity with OP (low k 1 /K i values obtained for cl. 19) and the emergence of self-reactivation (e.g., paraoxonase activity observed for cl.14). A combination of both pathways also was observed for cl.15.…”

Section: -Stenotrophomonasmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…BChE mutants displaying resistance to POX (cl.14 and cl.15) and GD C (cl.14 and cl. 19) were isolated after one round of screening. The interaction between WT BChE and OP leads to fast (high bimolecular reaction constant k 1 /K i ) and irreversible (k 2 ∼0) inactivation of WT BChE by phosphylation with OP ( Fig.…”

Section: -Stenotrophomonasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic droplet platform for ultrahigh-throughput single-cell screening of biodiversity

Terekhov

Смирнов

Stepanova

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

172

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Ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) techniques can identify unique functionality from millions of variants. To mimic the natural selection mechanisms that occur by compartmentalization in vivo, we developed a technique based on single-cell encapsulation in droplets of a monodisperse microfluidic double water-in-oil-in-water emulsion (MDE). Biocompatible MDE enables in-droplet cultivation of different living species. The combination of droplet-generating machinery with FACS followed by next-generation sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the secretomes of encapsulated organisms yielded detailed genotype/phenotype descriptions. This platform was probed with uHTS for biocatalysts anchored to yeast with enrichment close to the theoretically calculated limit and cell-tocell interactions. MDE-FACS allowed the identification of human butyrylcholinesterase mutants that undergo self-reactivation after inhibition by the organophosphorus agent paraoxon. The versatility of the platform allowed the identification of bacteria, including slowgrowing oral microbiota species that suppress the growth of a common pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, and predicted which genera were associated with inhibitory activity.ultrahigh-throughput screening | microfluidic encapsulation | butyrylcholinesterase | Staphylococcus aureus | cell-cell interactions T he ultrahigh-throughput (1, 2) technique of screening (uHTS) in a double emulsion was applied in directed enzyme evolution (3, 4) to investigate the idea that a universal genotypephenotype linkage was provided by compartmentalization. Artificial compartments of double emulsions were produced with high polydispersity by shear stress (5, 6), which significantly decreased the portion of uniform droplets and thereby reduced the sensitivity and the maximal sorting rate. By contrast, sophisticated custom sorters demonstrated the screening of precise monodisperse droplets of water-in-oil emulsions generated by microfluidic technology (1, 7). However, it is not always convenient to use custom devices, and the use of oil as a continuous phase limits the sorting rate. Alternatively, compartmentalization in microfluidic double emulsion (MDE) enables uHTS of >10,000 events/s using commercially available cell sorters (8, 9). Furthermore, biocompatible oil and water phases provide viability and proliferation of Escherichia coli cells (10) inside the microenvironment of a double emulsion.Here, we propose an MDE-FACS platform that combines the benefits of previously reported systems based on compartmentalization in MDE and FACS selection together with modern omics (Fig. 1). We succeeded in assembling this platform using commercially available parts, which included straightforward microfluidics (Fig. S1) for MDE generation, multiparametric FACS for uHTS, next-generation sequencing (NGS) for bioinformatic predictions, and mass spectrometry for proteome and secretome analysis. We demonstrated this idea with several single-cell methods (Fig. S2), including the selection of di...

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PLLA–silver nanoparticles bionanocomposite membranes: Preparation, antibacterial activity, and in vitro hydrolytic degradation assessment

Zanella

Becker

Schneider

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNp) were synthesized in aqueous phase and transferred to chloroform using a fatty amine as phase transfer agent. Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes were prepared using the “functionalized” chloroform. The amount of AgNp in the chloroform was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the membranes. A decrease of the thermal stability of the membranes was observed upon the addition of AgNp; meanwhile, the polymer crystallinity degree increased, making the membranes more fragile and brittle. The in vitro degradation assessments of the membranes in artificial saliva suggested that the time necessary to degrade the PLLA reduced by raising the concentration of the nanostructures. Additionally, the antibacterial assays demonstrated that the addition of only 13 ppm of AgNp were enough to inhibit the formation of biofilm over the bionanocomposite membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47998.

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The ecology of Staphylococcus species in the oral cavity

Cited by 202 publications

References 45 publications

Prevalence of "non-oral" pathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm of subjects with chronic periodontitis

Prevalence of "non-oral" pathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm of subjects with chronic periodontitis

Microfluidic droplet platform for ultrahigh-throughput single-cell screening of biodiversity

PLLA–silver nanoparticles bionanocomposite membranes: Preparation, antibacterial activity, and in vitro hydrolytic degradation assessment

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