Prevalence of "non-oral" pathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm of subjects with chronic periodontitis

Abstract

The oral cavity may act as a reservoir for several pathogens related to systemic infections. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and levels of pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival biofilm of chronic periodontitis lesions and healthy periodontal sites using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. 200 samples of subgingival biofilm from sites with periodontitis (probing pocket depth ≥ 4 mm and /or clinical attachment level ≥ 4 mm) and 200 samples from healthy sites of 14 patients with chronic periodontitis, as well as 200 samples from 3 periodontally healthy patients were obtained. The presence and levels of 11 pathogenic bacteria were determined using whole genomic DNA probes and the checkerboard method, computed for each site and then across sites within each subject group. Significance of differences in clinical and microbiological parameters among groups were examinated using the MannWhitney and Wilcoxon sign tests. The predominant species in all 600 samples included Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. In general, most of the species were detected in greater prevalence and levels in sites with and without disease from patients with periodontitis in comparison to the periodontally healthy group. In particular, C. diphtheriae, E. coli, E. faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus were significantly more prevalent and detected in higher counts in diseased sites of patients with periodontal disease compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Clinical signs of disease presented a positive correlation with the species A. baumannii, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, "non-oral" pathogenic bacteria are detected in high prevalence and levels in periodontal sites of chronic periodontitis patients.

Occurrence of yeasts, enterococci and other enteric bacteria in subgingival biofilm of HIV-positive patients with chronic gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis

“…Data in literature show that enteric rods and cocci may play a role in the development of these pathologies (4,19), due to their wide scope of virulence factors that confer the ability to adhere and invade the host's tissues, besides the induction of local inflammatory processes in periodontal tissue (13).…”

Análises microbiológicas de alicates ortodônticos

“…26 In healthy individuals, these microorganisms coexist in equilibrium with the host, but environmental changes and microbial imbalances may originate infections. 1 For example, brackets and orthodontic bands induce specific changes in the oral environment, such as a lower pH and an increase of bacterial plaque, 1 higher levels of S. mutans 1,22 and an increase in the number of Lactobacilli species.…”

Oral health protocol for liver transplant patients

“…In particular, C. diphtheriae, E. coli, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were significantly more prevalent and detected in higher counts in diseased sites of patients with periodontal disease, compared to healthy subjects (p<0.05). These results suggest that the oral cavity can act as a reservoir of pathogenic species of bacteria that may cause infection in distant body sites [23].…”