The Ecology of Rural Ethnic Groups and the Spatial Dimensions of Power<sup>1</sup>

Canfield, Robert L.

doi:10.1525/aa.1973.75.5.02a00200

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The other factor that greatly shapes artisans' conservative viewpoint is the uniqueness of rural ecology as part of their culture (Canfield, 1973). In the rural communities, there are strong ties between livelihood and nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in-depth cognitive levels of imagination of artisans and designers

Junaidy

Nagai

2013

JDR

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This paper investigated the in-depth cognitive levels of artisans (craft artisans) and designers (design trainers) as they observed design problems (in the early stage of idea generation) during design training. A concept network method based on the associative concept dictionary was employed to extract the verbalised thoughts of four artisans and four designers. We then identified semantic relationships based on a factor analysis. We discovered that, in contrast to designers, artisans tended to activate lower in-depth cognitive levels. Our study demonstrated that artisans placed greater focus on product appearance and technical aspects, such as operation (replace, reduce, etc.) and shape (waist, body, etc.). In contrast, designers paid greater attention to the presence of issues related to surroundings, such as scene (silverware, norm, etc.) and appeal (fresh, dish, etc.). These results demonstrate that closely or remotely associated concepts correlate with shallow or in-depth cognitive levels based on creative solutions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in-depth cognitive levels of imagination of artisans and designers

Junaidy

Nagai

2013

JDR

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“…Those in Hazarajat for the most part scraped by as subsistence farmers. Markaz Bamyan, the commercial and administrative centre of Bamyan, was controlled, economically and politically, largely by Tajiks with close state relations (Canfield 1973). The many Hazaras who fled to large cities, especially Kabul, Mazar-eSharif and Herat, found themselves restricted to a servant/manual labourer class (Mousavi 1997;Karimi 2011;Barfield 2010).…”

Section: The Hazaras and Marginalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The illumination of marginality: how ethnic Hazaras in Bamyan, Afghanistan, perceive the lack of electricity as discrimination

Chiovenda

2014

Central Asian Survey

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In Afghanistan ethnic Hazaras are a group with a long history of marginalization, and even outright persecution, mainly because of their Shi'a Muslim faith. Only after the international intervention in 2001 have socio-economic opportunities started to open up for Hazaras. Hazaras, however, maintain a strong perception of still being considered second-class citizens, claiming to be overlooked by the Afghan government and allotted fewer funds by the international development community. This paper examines Hazara perceptions of marginality with reference to one issue: the lack of state-provided electricity in Bamyan province, which many consider the Hazara homeland. Anti-government protests in Bamyan often revolve around this particular issue, and the demand for electricity has become part of the permanent landscape, through a lantern sculpture in Bamyan's main square, as well as through the experience of living one's everyday life with a lack of easily available electric light. The lack of electricity becomes an embodied, daily reminder of perceived subordination to other religio-ethnic groups and the feeling of being left behind by the international community.

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References

1976

The Ecological Transition

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The Ecology of Rural Ethnic Groups and the Spatial Dimensions of Power¹

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

The in-depth cognitive levels of imagination of artisans and designers

The in-depth cognitive levels of imagination of artisans and designers

The illumination of marginality: how ethnic Hazaras in Bamyan, Afghanistan, perceive the lack of electricity as discrimination

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The Ecology of Rural Ethnic Groups and the Spatial Dimensions of Power1

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

The in-depth cognitive levels of imagination of artisans and designers

The in-depth cognitive levels of imagination of artisans and designers

The illumination of marginality: how ethnic Hazaras in Bamyan, Afghanistan, perceive the lack of electricity as discrimination

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The Ecology of Rural Ethnic Groups and the Spatial Dimensions of Power¹