The Earnings of American Jewish Men: Human Capital, Denomination, and Religiosity

Abstract

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Religion and intimate partner violence in Chile: Macro- and micro-level influences

“…The hypothesis that the effects associated with involvement in religious activities are non linear is supported by the present findings regarding the connection between religious participation and women's vulnerability to IPV, and by Chiswick and Huang's (2007) Under the law that finally passed in 2004, divorce continues to be a difficult and costly endeavor. Emphasizing the goal of family unity, the law requires a one-year separation period before divorce can be filed, followed by a three-year period in which the parties must go through a mandatory mediation process (Blofield and Haas 2005).…”

“…A recent study specifies it as a set of dummy variables and thus allows for the possibility of non-linearities (Chiswick and Huang 2007). Examining the effects of religious participation on earnings based on data from the 2000/2001 National Jewish Population Survey, the authors find that individuals who attend religious services weekly have significantly higher earnings than those who attend less frequently or not at all, supporting the hypothesis that some religious involvement has a beneficial effect on labor market outcomes; however, those who attend services more than weekly have lower earnings than those who attend weekly.…”

“…This conclusion stands in marked contrast to findings from numerous quantitative studies based on surveys conducted in the U.S. and other countries which show that, although there are exceptions, religion is generally associated with positive effects on many domains of individuals' lives. In the adult population, the benefits include better physical and mental health (Koenig et al 2001;Waite and Lehrer 2003) and better economic outcomes (Gruber 2005;Chiswick and Huang 2007). Among youth, they include a lower probability of risky behaviors, including substance abuse and early sexual debut (Donahue and Benson 1995;Resnick et al 1997;Bearman and Bruckner 2001;Meier 2003); more negative attitudes toward premarital childbearing (Marchena and Waite 2003); better relations with their parents (Pearce and Axinn 1998); a lower likelihood of developing close friendships with peers who have problems with substance use (Bahr et al 1998); and better educational outcomes (Freeman 1986;Regnerus 2000;Muller and Ellison 2001;Lehrer 2006Lehrer , 2009.…”

Gender and American Jews: Patterns in Work, Education, and Family in Contemporary Life

“…With regard to particular questions, the biggest problem is the low response rate regarding income, which is always a sensitive question. Chiswick and Huang's (2008) analysis suggests that the non-response on this topic is biased toward higher-income respondents, as might be expected.…”

“…Many respondents are reluctant to report what their annual earnings are, not only on the NJPS but on surveys in general. An analysis of the response patterns for the 2000-01 NJPS has shown that the non-response is biased toward higher-income earners, at least among men (Chiswick and Huang, 2008). There is no reason to expect that this pattern differs for women.…”