The Dynamic Interplay between the Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases

Xu, Huihui; Liu, Meijie; Cao, Jinfeng; Li, Xiaoya; Fan, Danping; Xia, Yu; Lu, Xiangchen; Li, Jingtao; Ju, Dianwen; Zhao, Hongyan

doi:10.1155/2019/7546047

Cited by 99 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Gut microbiota can maintain the stability of intestinal mechanical, chemical and biological barriers; regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells and B cells in the mucosa; mediate the secretion of cytokines; and promote the production of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) by plasma cells to regulate intestinal mucosal immune response. In this process, activated immune cells can migrate into the blood circulation through lymph nodes and induce a systemic immune response (Xu et al, 2019). Studies have also found that metabolites produced by gut microbiota can also affect the development and function of bone marrow and ultimately affect immune cell function (Thaiss et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of changes on gut microbiota in children with acute Kawasaki disease

Shen¹,

Ding²,

Yang³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness of early childhood. The exact etiology of the disease remains unknown. At present, research on KD is mostly limited to susceptibility genes, infections, and immunity. However, research on the correlation between gut microbiota and KD is rare. Methods Children with a diagnosis of acute KD and children undergoing physical examination during the same period were included. At the time of admission, the subjects’ peripheral venous blood and feces were collected. Faecal samples were analyzed for bacterial taxonomic content via high-throughput sequencing. The abundance, diversity, composition, and characteristic differences of the gut microbiota in KD and healthy children were compared by alpha diversity, beta diversity, linear discriminant analysis and LDA effect size analysis. Blood samples were used for routine blood examination, biochemical analysis, and immunoglobulin quantitative detection. Results Compared with the control group, the community richness and structure of gut microbiota in the KD group was significantly reduced (Chao1 richness estimator, mean 215.85 in KD vs. mean 725.76 in control, p < 0.01; Shannon diversity index, mean 3.32 in KD vs. mean 5.69 in control, p < 0.05). LEfSe analysis identified two strains of bacteria significantly associated with KD: Bacteroidetes and Dorea. Bacteroidetes were enriched in healthy children (mean 0.16 in KD vs. mean 0.34 in control, p < 0.05). Dorea was also enriched in healthy children but rarely existed in children with KD (mean 0.002 in KD vs. mean 0.016 in control, p < 0.05). Compared with the control, IgA and IgG in the KD group decreased (IgA, median 0.68 g/L in KD vs. median 1.06 g/L in control, p < 0.001; IgG, median 6.67 g/L in KD vs. median 9.71 g/L in control, p < 0.001), and IgE and IgM levels were not significantly changed. Conclusions Dysbiosis of gut microbiota occurs in children with acute KD and may be related to the etiology or pathogenesis of KD. It is worth noting that for the first time, we found that Dorea, a hydrogen-producing bacterium, was significantly reduced in children with acute KD. Overall, our results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention or diagnosis of KD based on intestinal microecology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of changes on gut microbiota in children with acute Kawasaki disease

Shen¹,

Ding²,

Yang³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…It is possible that under certain conditions, some gut microbes can give rise to autoimmune (immune reaction to self-epitopes) conditions. 146,147 It has been hypothesized that molecular mimicry by proteins of bacteria and viruses in the human body may lead to autoimmune conditions. 148 Recently, a shift in the symbiotic gut environment to a dysbiotic one has been linked to the occurrence of autoimmune conditions in humans.…”

Section: Bacteroides and Autoimmune Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease

2021

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The functional diversity of the mammalian intestinal microbiome far exceeds that of the host organism, and microbial genes contribute substantially to the well-being of the host. However, beneficial gut organisms can also be pathogenic when present in the gut or other locations in the body. Among dominant beneficial bacteria are several species of Bacteroides, which metabolize polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, providing nutrition and vitamins to the host and other intestinal microbial residents. These topics and the specific organismal and molecular interactions that are known to be responsible for the beneficial and detrimental effects of Bacteroides species in humans comprise the focus of this review. The complexity of these interactions will be revealed.

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“…Abnormal gut microbiota profiles have emerged in a variety of diseases related to immune disorder, such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial metabolic disease, CNS autoimmune disease, and cancer ( 83 , 84 ). Symptoms of such diseases have been improved by means of microbial modulation by dietary therapy or direct transplantation of beneficial microbes ( 85 ), suggesting that the balance between the immune system and the symbiotic microbiota is very important for maintaining our immunity.…”

Section: Perspectives and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new aspect of an old friend: the beneficial effect of metformin on anti-tumor immunity

et al. 2020

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T-cell-based cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells, have significant anti-tumor effects against certain types of cancer, providing a new paradigm for cancer treatment. However, the activity of tumor infiltrating T-cells (TILs) can be effectively neutralized in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of most solid tumors, rich in various immunosuppressive factors and cells. Therefore, to improve the clinical outcomes of established T-cell-based immunotherapy, adjuvants that can comprehensively relieve multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms of TME are needed. In this regard, recent studies have revealed that metformin has several beneficial effects on anti-tumor immunity. In this mini-review, we understand the immunosuppressive properties of TME and how metformin comprehensively enhances anti-tumor immunity. Finally, we will discuss this old friend’s potential as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.

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The Dynamic Interplay between the Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases

Cited by 99 publications

References 111 publications

Effects of changes on gut microbiota in children with acute Kawasaki disease

Effects of changes on gut microbiota in children with acute Kawasaki disease

Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease

A new aspect of an old friend: the beneficial effect of metformin on anti-tumor immunity

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