The Dynamic Brain: Neuroplasticity and Mental Health

Kays, Jill L.; Hurley, Robin A.; Taber, Katherine H.

doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12050109

Cited by 73 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…22 Second, symptoms of depression, such as lack of motivation and emotional malaise, are to be expected when an offender becomes institutionalized and, therefore, may not be cause for alarm among prison staff. Finally, the neurological literature suggests that the symptoms of several mental health conditions (e.g., major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and anxiety) are dynamic 23 ; therefore, symptoms of an existing mental health condition may be dormant on entry into a new facility. Also, correctional employees are not trained mental health professionals; thus, less apparent signs of mental health conditions are likely to go undetected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health of Prisoners: Identifying Barriers to Mental Health Treatment and Medication Continuity

González¹,

Connell²

2014

Am J Public Health

124

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Objectives. We assessed mental health screening and medication continuity in a nationally representative sample of US prisoners. Methods. We obtained data from 18 185 prisoners interviewed in the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities. We conducted survey logistic regressions with Stata version 13. Results. About 26% of the inmates were diagnosed with a mental health condition at some point during their lifetime, and a very small proportion (18%) were taking medication for their condition(s) on admission to prison. In prison, more than 50% of those who were medicated for mental health conditions at admission did not receive pharmacotherapy in prison. Inmates with schizophrenia were most likely to receive pharmacotherapy compared with those presenting with less overt conditions (e.g., depression). This lack of treatment continuity is partially attributable to screening procedures that do not result in treatment by a medical professional in prison. Conclusions. A substantial portion of the prison population is not receiving treatment for mental health conditions. This treatment discontinuity has the potential to affect both recidivism and health care costs on release from prison.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health of Prisoners: Identifying Barriers to Mental Health Treatment and Medication Continuity

González¹,

Connell²

2014

Am J Public Health

124

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“…Processes of synaptic pruning, decrease in gray matter, and myelination, with the increase in white matter, are related to the consolidation of the network of information processing and with improvements in executive control and self-regulation (Blakemore & Frith, 2007;Kays, Hurley, & Taber, 2012). In addition, a stronger connection between orbitofrontal cortex and different structures of the limbic system such as hippocampus, caudate nucleus, and the amygdala is established (Eshel, Nelson, Blair, Pine, & Ernst, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different patterns of behavioural and emotional difficulties through adolescence: The influence of prosocial skills

et al. 2016

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Título: Patrones de dificultades emocionales y comportamentales durante la adolescencia: la influencia de las habilidades prosociales. Resumen: El objetivo principal del estudio fue examinar la distribución por clusters del Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ) y analizar el efecto del sexo y la edad, en una muestra de estudiantes pertenecientes a institutos, con edades entre 14 y 18 años (N = 1474). Para el análisis de los datos se realizó un análisis iterativo basado en el procedimiento de K-medias. Una solución de cinco clusters destacó como la más parsimoniosa para diferenciar patrones de síntomas emocionales y comportamentales. El modelo de cinco clusters reveló las siguientes agrupaciones: "ausencia de dificultades y altas puntuaciones prosociales" (n = 418; 28,36%), "altas puntuaciones en dificultades y bajas en comportamiento prosocial" (n = 239; 16,21%) , "altas puntuaciones en hiperactividad, bajo en el resto de las subescalas de dificultades y alto en capacidades prosociales" (n = 302; 20.49%), "alto en dificultades emocionales y de relación, bajo en dificultades conductuales y de hiperactividad y alto en capacidades prosociales" (n = 275; 18,66%), y finalmente "dificultades de hiperactividad y niveles medios en el resto de subescalas de dificultades y en las capacidades prosociales" (n= 239; 16,21%). Este modelo de cinco clusters fue replicado atendiendo al género y la edad. Sin embargo, las diferencias encontradas en la distribución de cada cluster sugieren que las dificultades difieren en función del género y de la edad. Los resultados permiten concluir la mayor presencia de dificultades de tipo externalizante en el caso de los hombres y mayores niveles de dificultades emocionales y capacidades prosociales en el caso de las mujeres. Palabras clave: adolescencia; análisis de clúster; SDQ; problemas emocionales y conductuales; prosocial. Abstract:The main purpose of the study was to examine the cluster composition of the analysis on the effect of gender and age of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in a large school-based sample of high school adolescents ranging from 14 to 18 years old (N = 1474). In order to do this, a K-means iterative cluster analysis was performed. A five-cluster solution turned out to be the most parsimonious in the differentiation of emotional and behavioural patterns. A five-cluster solution yielded the following patterns: "No difficulties and high prosocial scores" (n = 418; 28.36%), "high difficulties and low prosocial scores" (n = 239; 16.21%), "high on hyperactivity, low on the rest of the difficulties subscales, and high in prosocial capabilities" (n = 302; 20.49%), "high on emotional and peer problems, relatively low on conduct and hyperactivity, and high in prosocial capabilities" (n = 275; 18.66%), and finally "hyperactivity problems and average in the others difficulties subscales, and in prosocial capabilities" (n = 239; 16.21%). This cluster solution was replicated attending to the same gender and...

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“…The process of such changes within the brain is referred to as 'neuroplasticity', which includes the development of new neurons and glial cells (neurogenesis), as well as synaptic alterations and the formation, modification and elimination of existing ones (Pascual-Leone et al, 2005;Kolb et al, 2011;Kays et al, 2012). Growth factors, including the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), regulate cell birth and foster the cell maturation process and survival, wherefore they are crucial as regulating factors in the neuroplastic process (McEwen, 2004;Kays et al, 2012). The brain can hence adapt to changing and demanding conditions through a modification of present connections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced neuroplasticity: (Mal)adaptation to adverse life events in patients with PTSD – A critical overview

et al. 2014

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The Dynamic Brain: Neuroplasticity and Mental Health

Cited by 73 publications

References 67 publications

Mental Health of Prisoners: Identifying Barriers to Mental Health Treatment and Medication Continuity

Mental Health of Prisoners: Identifying Barriers to Mental Health Treatment and Medication Continuity

Different patterns of behavioural and emotional difficulties through adolescence: The influence of prosocial skills

Stress-induced neuroplasticity: (Mal)adaptation to adverse life events in patients with PTSD – A critical overview

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