The Duration of Postpartum Amenorrhea1

Salber, Eva J.; Feinleib, Manning; MacMahon, Brian

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120555

Cited by 62 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In those subjects who ovulated before weaning (L 3 and L 6), the frequency of breast feeding had dropped to two or three times per day. Thus, although the effect of lactation is to delay the restoration of ovarian function, in Western society, the period of infertility is relatively short and some form of contraception must be used if pregnancy is to be avoided (8).…”

Section: Estrogen Provocation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is direct evidence in the tammar wallaby that elevated levels of PRL result in both increased sensitivity of the hypothalamus to steroid feedback and decreased sensitivity of the corpus luteum to stimulation by gonadotropins (7). After delivery in women, the period of postpartum amenorrhoea is rather variable even in those who do not breast feed their babies (8). Sharman (9), on the basis of endometrial biopsies, estimated that the first episode of menstrual bleeding was anovular, suggesting an impairment of the ability of estrogen to induce a discharge of LH (positive feedback).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Failure of Estrogen-Induced Discharge of Luteinizing Hormone in Lactating Women

Baird

McNeilly

Sawers

et al. 1979

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pituitary-ovarian relationships were studied in seven lactating women by measuring the basal plasma concentrations of pituitary and ovarian hormones and their responses to an estrogen provocation test at 7, 30, and 100 days after delivery. The results were compared to a similar group of seven women who did not breast feed. The first ovulation occurred in five of the nonlactating women beteen 43-87 days after delivery, as judged by the urinary excretion of total estrogen and pregnanediol. In all lactating women, ovarian cyclicity was suppressed for at least 150 days after delivery or until weaning. The basal concentration of PRL in lactating women was significantly higher than in the nonlactating women at all three times measured. At 30 and 100 days, the concentration of estradiol was significantly lower in the lactating women, although the basal concentrations of FSH were similar in the two groups. After an injection of 1 mg estradiol benzoate, the concentrations of FSH and LH in plasma were suppressed to a greater extent in lactating than in nonlactating women. In addition, fewer of the lactating group (one of seven and none of seven at 30 and 100 days, respectively) than the nonlactating group (two of seven and five of seven) subsequently showed a rise in the concentration of LH 58--96 h after the estrogen injection (positive feedback). These results suggest that during lactation the hypothalamic-pituitary system is more sensitive to the negative feedback and relatively insensitive to the positive feedback of estrogen.

show abstract

Section: Estrogen Provocation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure of Estrogen-Induced Discharge of Luteinizing Hormone in Lactating Women

Baird

McNeilly

Sawers

et al. 1979

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The prevalence of malnutrition in these countries is high compared to the countries in which the lowest durations of postpartum amenorrhea are found. Mean durations of 6 months, or less, are seen in lactating, well nourished women in developed countries like the United States and Sweden [93,96,109]. Again, because of the substantial variations in other factors -and here we mention particularly (and in relation to development status) breast-feeding patterns and supplementary feeding practices -the above comparisons are not necessarily indicative of a nutritional effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Risk of pregnancy associated with maternal and child nutritional status

Huffman

1987

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…We have shown previously that smokers achieve less well at school than nonsmokers, and it seems reasonable to believe that smoking is ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH the result of low achievement rather than the reverse. 4 As indicated by a study of recreational patterns 6 it would also appear that smokers do not have the inner resources of the nonsmokers. For example, they watch television more, go to movies more often, and read fewer books than do nonsmokers.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%