The Dual Tropism of Noroviruses

Wobus, Christiane E.

doi:10.1128/jvi.01010-17

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…In mice, MNoVs may also use carbohydrates as attachment receptors, but with varied glycan receptor specificity among virus strains. 39 Following attachment to the cell surface, at least three MNoV strains (CW3, CR6, and S7) have been shown to use the CD300 family member CD300lf as a proteinaceous viral receptor. 40,41 Deletion of CD300lf from cells renders them resistant to CW3 and CR6 infection, while expression of the molecule converts non-susceptible cells into susceptible cells.…”

Section: Basic Virology Of Novsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[48][49][50] In mice, MNoVs cause either acute or prolonged persistent infections. 39 Strains MNV-1 and CW3 cause acute infection with virus being cleared within 1 week. 51 During the early phase of infection by acute strains, macrophages, DCs, B cells, and T cells in gutassociated lymphoid tissues are infected followed by virus shedding only in the first several days post infection.…”

Section: Basic Virology Of Novsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Norovirus encounters in the gut: multifaceted interactions and disease outcomes

Hassan

Baldridge

2019

Mucosal Immunology

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Noroviruses are major causes of gastroenteritis, with epidemic outbreaks occurring frequently. They are an important global health concern, especially for pediatric and immunocompromised populations, and are challenging pathogens to target immunologically due to their rapid rates of genetic and antigenic evolution and failure to stimulate durable protective immunity. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of norovirus pathogenesis, noting the prominent role of murine norovirus as a small animal model for norovirus research. We highlight intriguing data supporting the possible involvement of norovirus in sequelae including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases, and describe the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms involved in control of both human and murine norovirus infection. Furthermore, we discuss the potential implications of recent discoveries regarding norovirus interactions with the gut microbiota, and briefly detail current understanding of noroviral evolution and its influence on viral pathogenesis. Our mechanistic understanding of norovirus pathogenesis continues to improve with increasing availability of powerful model systems, which will ultimately facilitate development of effective preventive and therapeutic approaches for this pathogen.

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Section: Basic Virology Of Novsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic Virology Of Novsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus encounters in the gut: multifaceted interactions and disease outcomes

Hassan

Baldridge

2019

Mucosal Immunology

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Section: Cd300 Receptors In Viral Binding and Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further in vitro experiments showed that depletion of mouse CD300f or its blockade with polyclonal Abs or soluble CD300f (sCD300f) caused resistance to MNV infection, whereas the blockade of PS with annexin V had no effect [82,83]. Both groups had apparently discordant results when they addressed the role of glycans, although previous works have reported that glycans are involved in MNV binding [84][85][86][87][88]. Haga et al showed that the polyclonal Ab targeting mouse CD300f inhibited MNVinduced cytopathic effects and MNV progeny, but the binding was not reduced, suggesting the existence of other molecules, for example, sialic acids, involved in MNV binding.…”

Section: Lipid-independent Enhancement Of Viral Entry By Cd300 Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD300 receptor family in viral infections

et al. 2018

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The CD300 molecules constitute an evolutionarily significant family of receptors that are expressed on myeloid and lymphoid cells, but also on other cell types, such as tuft cells. Many of the CD300 receptors have been shown to recognize lipids, e.g. phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Over the past couple of years, accumulating evidence has shown that this family of receptors is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Specifically, CD300 molecules participate in the mechanisms that viruses employ to develop immune evasion strategies and to infect host cells. The participation of CD300 molecules in viral infection includes both lipid dependent and independent mechanisms, as for example in infections with dengue virus (DENV) and murine norovirus (MNV), respectively. CD300 receptors are also involved in viral escape mechanisms, for instance inhibiting NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against infected cells. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly recognized that the expression of CD300 receptors is altered during viral diseases. Here, we review the involvement of human and murine CD300 molecules in viral binding and entry and in cellular responses to viruses, which highlights the potential of CD300 molecules in the search of new biomarkers for various stages of infection and therapeutic targets for the treatment of viral infections.

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“…Overall, our findings identify central carbon metabolism as an intrinsic host factor important for optimal MNV infection of macrophages. Since noroviruses have a tropism for immune cells (47) and specific immune cell subsets are characterized by different metabolic profiles (48, 49), these findings may have implications for viral pathogenesis and the development of improved hNoV culture systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central carbon metabolism is an intrinsic factor for optimal replication of a norovirus

Jia

Goodfellow

et al. 2018

Preprint

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word count: 227 13 Manuscript word count: 4830 14 15 16 ABSTRACT 17The metabolic pathways of central carbon metabolism, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation 18 (OXPHOS), are important host factors that determine the outcome of viral infections and can 19 therefore be manipulated by some viruses to favor infection. However, mechanisms of metabolic 20 modulation and their effects on viral replication vary widely. Herein, we present the first 21 metabolomics profile of norovirus-infected cells, which revealed increases in glycolysis, 22 IMPORTANCE 38Viruses depend on the host cells they infect to provide the machinery and substrates for 39 replication. Host cells are highly dynamic systems that can alter their intracellular environment 40 and metabolic behavior, which may be helpful or inhibitory for an infecting virus. In this study, 41 we show that macrophages, a target cell of murine norovirus (MNV), increase central carbon 42 metabolism upon viral infection, which is important for early steps in MNV infection. Human 43 noroviruses (hNoV) are a major cause of gastroenteritis globally, causing enormous morbidity 44 and economic burden. Currently, no effective antivirals or vaccines exist for hNoV, mainly due 45 to the lack of high efficiency in vitro culture models for their study. Thus, insights gained from 46 the MNV model may reveal aspects of host cell metabolism that can be targeted for improving 47 hNoV cell culture systems and for developing effective antiviral therapies. 48 49

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The Dual Tropism of Noroviruses

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Norovirus encounters in the gut: multifaceted interactions and disease outcomes

Norovirus encounters in the gut: multifaceted interactions and disease outcomes

CD300 receptor family in viral infections

Central carbon metabolism is an intrinsic factor for optimal replication of a norovirus

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