CD300 receptor family in viral infections

Abstract

The CD300 molecules constitute an evolutionarily significant family of receptors that are expressed on myeloid and lymphoid cells, but also on other cell types, such as tuft cells. Many of the CD300 receptors have been shown to recognize lipids, e.g. phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Over the past couple of years, accumulating evidence has shown that this family of receptors is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Specifically, CD300 molecules participate in the mechanisms that viruses employ to develop immune evasion strategies and to infect host cells. The participation of CD300 molecules in viral infection includes both lipid dependent and independent mechanisms, as for example in infections with dengue virus (DENV) and murine norovirus (MNV), respectively. CD300 receptors are also involved in viral escape mechanisms, for instance inhibiting NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against infected cells. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly recognized that the expression of CD300 receptors is altered during viral diseases. Here, we review the involvement of human and murine CD300 molecules in viral binding and entry and in cellular responses to viruses, which highlights the potential of CD300 molecules in the search of new biomarkers for various stages of infection and therapeutic targets for the treatment of viral infections.

The role of phosphatidylserine recognition receptors in multiple biological functions

“…Both CD300a and CD300c may promote viral infections either by facilitating the binding between PS-containing viral particles and host cells or by easing viral escape mechanisms [124]. Noteworthy, these receptors have demonstrated great potential as therapeutic targets in the treatment of different diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, allergies and other pathological conditions [118].…”

Inhibitory Receptors and Checkpoints in Human NK Cells, Implications for the Immunotherapy of Cancer

“…IRp60/CD300a is an inhibitory receptor belonging to CD300 family, a set of genes clustered on chromosome 17 coding for receptors, predominantly expressed on leukocytes, able to generate inhibitory and activating signals regulating different immune processes, such as phagocytosis, cytokine release, proliferation and diseases (80,(106)(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112). In addition to NK cells, IRp60 is broadly expressed in cells of myeloid or lymphoid origin such as neutrophils (113), eosinophils (106), mast cells (114), pDC (113), B and T cells (115).…”

CD300a inhibits CD16-mediated NK cell effector functions in HIV-1-infected patients

“…4 The CD300a molecule has been related to several viral infections and is able to diminish the NK cell killing of pseudorabies-infected cells through interactions with its ligands phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. 5 In addition, CD300a expression on B and CD4+ T lymphocytes is altered during HIV-1 infection, and combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) does not restore nonpathological expression levels. 5,6 However, the expression and function of CD300a on NK cells during HIV-1 infection is still unknown.…”

“…5 In addition, CD300a expression on B and CD4+ T lymphocytes is altered during HIV-1 infection, and combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) does not restore nonpathological expression levels. 5,6 However, the expression and function of CD300a on NK cells during HIV-1 infection is still unknown. We have determined the surface expression of CD300a on different NK cell subsets and the capacity of this receptor to inhibit CD16-induced NK cell effector functions in healthy and HIV-1 infected individuals.…”

“…As HIV-1 infection modulates CD300a expression on some immune cells, 5,6 we first analyzed the expression of the CD300a receptor on different NK cell subpopulations from healthy donors, untreated HIV-1-infected subjects, and patients on cART by flow cytometry. The samples were provided by the HIV BioBank integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) (see Supplementary Material).…”