The Dual Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Carcinogenesis

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play an important role in tumor progression. MSCs remodel the extracellular matrix, participate in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, promote the spread of metastases, and inhibit antitumor immune responses in the TME; however, there are also data pertaining to the antitumor effects of MSCs. MSCs activate the cell death mechanism by modulating the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, angiogenesis receptors, and proapoptotic proteins. One of the main ways in which MSCs and TME interact is through the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by cells. Currently, data on the effects of both MSCs and their EVs on tumor cells are rather contradictory. Various studies have reported that EVs from MSCs can have either antitumor or pro-tumor effects, depending on both the tumor type and developmental stage. In this review, we discuss published data on EV MSCs and their effect on tumor cells. The molecular composition of vesicles obtained from MSCs is also presented in the review. In addition, the use of EV MSCs for the development of new methods for treating oncological diseases is described.

Comparative Analysis of Natural and Cytochalasin B-Induced Membrane Vesicles from Tumor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Additionally, normal cells can influence tumor cells, inhibiting or enhancing their growth. Of particular interest is the effect of MSC-derived EVs due to their dual action on tumor cells [ 1 ].…”

“…Apoptotic bodies are large (about 1000–5000 nm in diameter) parts of cells that form during apoptosis. EVs are secreted by various types of cells, have an envelope similar to the envelope of the parental cells and carry the usual cytoplasmic contents (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) [ 1 ].…”

Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Tool in Nanomedicine and Cancer Treatment

“…EVs from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have critical roles within the TME that can be anti- or pro-tumorigenic. More detail on the roles of MSC-derived EVs in cancer can be found in the review of Gilazieva et al, 2022 [ 50 ]. Overall, we observe that EVs play a critical role in disease progression, and better understanding of this role in both disease and healthy environments, filling the current gaps in literature, is vital in helping us to better utilize them in medicine for diagnostic and treatment purposes.…”

Effect of human dental pulp derived mesenchymal stem cells on breast cancer stem cells

“…MKH'lerin tümör hücrelerini G0/G1 fazında tutabildiği önceki çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir (44). MKH'ler, hücre döngüsünün düzenlenmesinde yer alan proteinlerin, anjiyogenez reseptörlerinin ve pro-apoptotik proteinlerin ifadelenmesini düzenleyerek hücre ölüm mekanizmalarını aktive edebilir (45). Bizim çalışmamızda da literatürle benzer olarak, ko-kültüre grup kontrol ile kıyaslandığında zamana bağlı hücre canlılığında azalma, hücre döngüsünde S fazından G0/G1 fazına geçişte artış (Şekil 5) ve apoptoz giren hücre sayısında artış (Şekil 6) görülmüştür.…”