“…For problems with a degenerate boundary, e.g., crack problems (Chen, 1988;Portela et al, 1992Portela et al, , 1993; Mi and Aliabadi, 1992; Fedelinski and Aliabadi, 1994; Leitao et al, 1995;Salgado and Aliabadi, 1998), flow around sheet piles (Chen and Hong, 1993;Chen et al, 1994), an incomplete partition in a room Chen and Wong, 1998) and a thin airfoil in aerodynamics (Wang et al, 1990;Chen and Hong, 1992), singularity exists, and the dual integral formulation has been applied successfully for the BEM approach. Using the dual integral formulation, all the well-posed boundary value problems can be solved even though a degenerate boundary is present.…”