The Drivers of Long-Run CO2 Emissions: A Global Perspective Since 1800

Abstract

Fossil-fuel-related carbon dioxide emissions have risen dramatically since 1800. We identify the long-run drivers of CO 2 emissions for a sample of twelve developed economies using an extended Kaya decomposition. By considering biomass and carbonfree energy sources along with fossil fuels we are able to shed light on the effects of past and present energy transitions on CO 2 emissions. We find that at low levels of income per capita, fuel switching from biomass to fossil fuels is the main contributing factor to emission growth. Scale effects, especially income effects, become the most important emission drivers at higher levels of income and also dominate the overall long-run change. Technological change is the main offsetting factor. Particularly in the last decades, technological change and fuel switching have become important contributors to the decrease in emissions in Europe. Our results also individualize the different CO 2 historical paths across parts of Europe, North America and Japan.

CO2emissions, urban population, energy consumption and economic growth in selected African countries: A Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR)

“…(2016), Morales‐Lage et al . (2016) and Henriques and Borowiecki (2014) studies also confirmed the existence a long‐run positive relationship between energy, economic growth and CO2 emission. The last group of studies used panel smooth threshold regression such as Heidari et al .…”

“…The second group of studies focused on panel data analysis. Among others, Leitao (2014), Ab-Rahim and Xin-Di (2016), Balogh and Jámbor (2017), Livingston et al (2013), Zheng et al (2016), Morales-Lage et al (2016) and Henriques and Borowiecki (2014) studies also confirmed the existence a long-run positive relationship between energy, economic growth and CO2 emission. The last group of studies used panel smooth threshold regression such as Heidari et al (2015), Mohammadi (2016), Aye and Edoja (2017) and Mahmut and Sinan (2016).…”

“…The results indicate that economic growth, population and energy consumption are associated with an increase in CO2 emissions. Henriques and Borowiecki (2014) identified the long‐run drivers of CO2 emissions in a sample of twelve developed economies. The results show that low levels of GDP per capita and fuel switching from biomass to fossil fuels are the main contributing factors to CO2 emission.…”

Drivers in CO2 emissions variation: A decomposition analysis for 33 world countries

“…As reported in the previous section, possible explanations can be related to changes in technologies, to variations in the energy mix or to variations in the contribution provided by the different economic sectors to the GDP generation[24,25,[35][36][37][38][39][40]. majority of the other European Countries[26]. China (-37.9%) and Easter European countries as Estonia (-48.7%), Poland (-42.9%), Slovak Republic (-42.6%) had the largest reduction of energy intensity.…”

Análise do comportamento das emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2) do Brasil e de outros países por meio da Identidade de Kaya e do Perfil de Emissões

“…O conceito de IPAT, quando aplicado para emissões de GEE (Lima et al, 2016) é, por vezes, conhecida como Identidade de Kaya (Kaya, 1989). Este relação foi utilizada por Kaya que desenvolveu uma decomposição matemática cujo objetivo foi quantificar as emissões de dióxido de carbono, frente ao consumo energético e a intensidade carbônica (Henriques & Borowiecki, 2014). Com esse recurso, tenta-se convergir para um cenário de adoção de novas tecnologias que possuam menor potencial poluidor (Alvim & Santin, 2008b…”